Possessive pronouns

物主代词

Possessive personal pronouns (also known as possessive adjectives) are words like "my" and "your" in English. Unlike in English, these words are completely regular in Esperanto. Just add -a to the end of a pronoun to turn it into its possessive form.

在英语里面“my”和“your”这一类单词叫做物主代词（或者称物主形容词）。不像英语，在世界语里面，这些词的变化很有规律，直接在代词后面加词尾“-a”就能够得到它的物主代词形式。

Like other words ending in -a the possessives also take the -j (plural) and -n (accusative) ending when required.

跟其他以-a结尾的单词一样，在有必要的时候，物主代词同样要加-j（复数）和-n（宾格）

Jen miaj gepatroj.

Here are my parents.

这是我父母

Viaj ursoj trinkas mian bieron.

Your bears are drinking my beer.

你的熊在喝我的啤酒

De

If you want to express that something belongs to someone, the key word is de. It corresponds to the English word "of", but it is also used when English would put 's on a word instead.

如果你想表达某物归属于某人，所用到的关键词就是de。De这个词的意思是英语里面的of，但de也能够用在像英语里把's放在一个单词后面的情况（例如my father's 什么的）

Jen mapo de la universitato.

Here is a map of the university.

这是一张那所大学的地图

Vi trinkas la bieron de mia patro.

You are drinking my father's beer. (the beer of my father)

你在喝我爸爸的啤酒

Li estas la avo de Sofia.

He is Sofia's grandfather.

(the grandfather of Sofia)

他是苏菲亚的爷爷

Kio, tio

Kio = what? or what thing?.

（何？何物？何事？）

Tio = that or that thing.

（那、那物、那事）

Kio and tio never take the ending -j (plural), but do take the ending -n (accusative) if they refer to a direct object.

Kio和tio不用加复数词尾-j的，但是它们指代直接宾语的时候就要加宾格-n

Kio estas tio?

What is that?

那是什么？

Kion vi manĝas?

What are you eating?

你在吃什么？

Ni manĝas tion.

We are eating that.

我们在吃那个东西。

Names and Addresses

名字与地址

The following two ways (with kio or kiu) of asking for someone's name or address are equally correct:

下面两种是正确的询问别人姓名或者地址方式：

Kio estas via [nomo/adreso]?

What is your [name/address]?

你的【名字/地址】是什么？

Kiu estas via [nomo/adreso]?

Which is your [name/address]?

Amiko, Amikino

Traditionally, amiko was used only for a male friend, and amikino for a female friend, and this usage is still common, so we are teaching it here. Recently, however, many Esperanto speakers use the same form amiko for a male or female friend.

习惯上，amiko这个词只用于男性朋友，amikino指代的是女性朋友。这种用法直到现在也很常见。所以我们便在这里进行讲述。不过，在近年来，不少世界语者们用amiko指代男性朋友或者女性朋友（也就是说amiko的用法开始中性化）

Also, note that amiko and amikino are not equivalent to the English "boyfriend" and "girlfriend". To describe a romantic relationship, we use the terms koramiko and koramikino（“heart-friend”）

另外也要注意，amiko和amikino不等同于英语里面的“boyfriend”和“girlfriend”。要描述情侣意义上的男女朋友，我们用的是koramiko和koramikino（心灵之友）

原文：http://www.duolingo.cn/skill/eo/Possessives/tips-and-notes

翻译：vanilo

多邻国世界语新版Tips and Notes Possessive 物主代词篇（中英对照）