十一个历史书里面的虚构事件

11 Myths From The History Books

译文简介:
十一个历史书里面的虚构事件

译文来源:
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-haviland/11-myths-from-history-books_b_1610416.html#slide=111553

正文翻译:
-------------译者：淡然的海风-------------

11 Myths From The History Books
十一个历史书里面的虚构事件

"What is history, but a set of lies agreed upon?" is a quotation usually attributed to Napoleon Bonaparte, although ironically it's not clear whether or not he ever actually said it. In the course of researching my new book, The Not-So-Nude Ride of Lady Godiva, I came across many more examples of the myths, misunderstandings and outright fictions which pervade our general knowledge of history.
“什么是历史？不过是一系列被承认了的谎言”引自拿破仑。尽管嘲讽，但还不清楚他是不是说过这话。在研究我新书的过程中，《不裸体骑马的高迪瓦夫人》，我发现了更多关于虚构的故事、误会还有直白的谎言的例子，这些玩意充斥着我们所有的历史知识当中。

From every age of history, I found that the received wisdom often leaves much to be desired. Helen of Troy was actually a Spartan, who probably never set foot in Troy. The Great Wall of China is not nearly as ancient as it seems, and much of it isn't even made of 'wall' at all. The story that the Great Wall of China is the only man-made structure that can be seen from space is also a myth (it can't). Julius Caesar wasn't born by Caesarean section. William the Conqueror arguably wasn't a conqueror at all, and the famous nude equestrian Lady Godiva never actually rode naked through Coventry.

从每个时代的历史里面，我发现那些被认为是常识的东西都有些问题。特洛伊的海伦其实是个斯巴达人，她从未去过特洛伊。中国的万里长城没有看上去那么古老，长城的很多部分甚至完全不能称之为“墙”。纯人造结构的长城能被肉眼在太空里看到也是虚构的（看不到的）。凯撒大帝不是剖腹产出生的，威廉一世按理说并没有征服过谁，而且著名的高迪瓦夫人实际上从没有骑着马裸体穿过考文垂（译者注：英国中部城市）<o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; "></o:p>

Our knowledge of more recent history is often equally flawed. The Dutch craze for tulips in the early 17th century, known as Tulip Mania, bears some similarities to more recent speculative bubbles, but it didn't actually cause an economic crash. Despite serving as the founding myth of English naval supremacy, the defeat of the Spanish Armada was largely the result of incompetence and bad weather, rather than English superiority. Far from being impregnable, England was successfully invaded as recently as the 17th century. Queen Victoria was not quite the prude she is thought to have been; in fact in her youth she was quite saucy. The First World War wasn't really the first world war, nor was it called the First World War. The Maginot Line wasn't actually a line. And so on...

我们关于近代史的知识，同样是由很多问题的。荷兰人在17世纪早期为了郁金香而疯狂，众所周知的“郁金香狂热”带来了很多投机泡沫，但是并没有导致经济崩溃。尽管作为缔造神话的英国皇家海军，但是西班牙无敌舰队的战败的最大原因是糟糕的天气，而不是英国海军的优越性。英国人在十七世纪时才刚刚开始成功殖民其他地区，离如日中天还早得很。维多利亚女王还不是像人们所认为的那样古板，事实上她年轻时是十分活泼可爱的。一战实际上不是真的第一次世界大战，只不过被称为“第一次世界大战”。马其诺防线其实不是一条线，等等这些……<o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; "></o:p>

In this slideshow, I provide a few examples of the myths and follies that make up much of our popular understanding of history.

在这个幻灯片里面，我举了几个虚构的事件还有我们关于历史的错误常识的例子。

-------------译者：雾岱人-------------

The Great Wall of China

长城

The Great Wall of China is an extraordinary feat of construction, first begun in the 5th century BC, which stretches for more than 5,500 miles. However, many aspects of this description are quite misleading. The only sections of the Wall surviving today have been continuously renovated and rebuilt, and are therefore in fact modern constructions.
中国的长城，是建筑的非凡壮举，从公元前5世纪开始建造，绵延5500多英里。然而，这描述的许多方面是相当令人误解的。长城今天尚存的唯一部分已不断翻新和重建，因此它事实上是现代建筑。

Furthermore, the Great Wall is not a continuous barrier at all - there are enormous gaps between sections, while others run parallel for many miles. Much of the Great Wall isn't even made of 'wall' at all - instead it consists of geographic barriers: mountains, hills, rivers, valleys and trenches.
此外，长城根本不是连绵不断的屏障 – 在段与段之间有许多缺口，而其他并行绵延许多英里。长城的许多地方甚至不是由'墙'组成的 –而是由地理屏障：高山，丘陵，河流，山谷和壕沟组成。

There is also a myth that the Great Wall is the only man-made structure that can be seen from space, and this too is false. To be visible from the moon, the Great Wall would have to be about 70 miles wide, whereas in reality it is no more than 10 metres wide at any point.
还有一个神话，长城是从太空可以看到的唯一人造建筑物，这也是假的。要从月球上可见，长城要有约70英里宽，然而实际上，它在任何一点都不超过<st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; " tcsc="0" unitname="米" w:st="on"></st1:chmetcnv><st1:chmetcnv hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="1" sourcevalue="10" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; " tcsc="0" unitname="米" w:st="on">10米</st1:chmetcnv>宽。<o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; "></o:p>

Constantine the Great
君士坦丁大帝

The Roman emperor 'Constantine The Great' is generally regarded as having been a merciful and enlightened leader.
罗马皇帝君士坦丁大帝一般被视为是一个仁慈，开明的领袖。

As the first Christian emperor, Constantine made a number of laws which improved conditions for slaves. He banned crucifixion and branding on the face as punishments. Gladiatorial games were banned, and prisoners were no longer kept in total darkness, but instead were given time outdoors. So does Constantine deserve his reputation as a kind, benevolent leader?
作为第一个基督教皇帝，君士坦丁大帝制定了一些法律来改善奴隶的环境。他禁止把人钉死在十字架上和在脸上烙印十字架作为惩罚, 禁止角斗场比赛，并且囚犯不再被关在完全黑暗的地方，而是有户外活动的时间。那么君士坦丁大帝就可以获得一个善良，仁慈的领袖的声誉吗？

Well, not quite. Constantine only disapproved of branding on the face because of a Christian belief that the face had a special religious significance; branding anywhere else on the body was still fine. Similarly, crucifixion was banned only because of its association with Christ, but slaves could still be forced to drink boiling oil or molten lead, and slave owners were free to murder their slaves.
嗯，不完全是。君士坦丁大帝只是不赞成烙印在脸上，因为基督教的信仰:脸有一种特殊的宗教意义; 烙印在身体的其他地方仍然是可以的。同样，取缔钉死在十字架上的刑罚，只是因为它与基督的关联，但奴隶仍然可以被迫喝滚烫的油或熔化的铅，并且奴隶主可以自由地屠杀他们的奴隶。

<o:p style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; "></o:p>

-------------译者：luckyapple-------------

William the Conqueror

As every English schoolboy used to learn, in 1066 England was invaded by William the Conqueror, who defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings. This period is of course traditionally deemed the 'Norman Conquest', with William being known as 'William the Conqueror'.

However, the implication that William was a foreign invader with no rightful claim to the throne is incorrect. In fact, William arguably had a better claim to the English throne than any of the other contenders, including King Harold himself. William was a blood relative of the previous king, Edward the Confessor, while Harold was only related to Edward by marriage.

“征服者威廉”（威廉一世）　　　

正如每个英语学生所知,1066年征服者威廉击进军英格兰，在黑斯廷斯之战中击败国王哈罗德二世。这一时期后来被称为诺曼征服,而威廉被誉为“征服者威廉”。　　　　

然而,说威廉是一个没有合法王位所有权的外来入侵者是不正确的。事实上,威廉可以说比包括国王哈罗德在内的其他任何竞争者有一个更配得上英格兰的王位。威廉是前任国王爱德华的血亲,而哈罗德只是爱德华的姻亲。

普雷斯特·约翰

在1165年,一份令人激动的文档抵达君士坦丁堡（土耳其港市，现称Istanbul）。这是一封东方基督教国家的伟大领袖普雷斯特·约翰写给拜占庭皇帝曼努埃尔一世的信。

普雷斯特·约翰似乎上统治着巨大的、和平的“印度各邦” 。那里没有没有犯罪或淫乱,“蜂蜜在我们的土地上流淌,到处都有牛奶”。普雷斯特·约翰的王国是一个神奇的地方,那里河流里有黄金，并有让人永葆青春的源泉。据说那里拥有伊甸园的边界,它的藏品中有一面镜子,可以让人看到每一个省份。　　　　　

普雷斯特·约翰的王国无疑是一个骗局,但这个故事被大家相信了，而且流传了几个世纪。普雷斯特·约翰的王国甚至在17世纪的地图还曾出现过。

Prester John

In 1165 a very exciting document arrived in Constantinople. It was a letter to the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I, written by Prester John, the leader of a great Christian nation in the East.
Prester John apparently ruled the enormous, peaceful kingdom of the 'three Indias', where there was no crime or vice, and 'honey flows in our land, and milk everywhere abounds'. Prester John's kingdom was a magical place, where rivers ran with gold, and a fountain of youth existed. It was said to have bordered the Garden of Eden itself, and its treasures included a mirror in which every one of the provinces could be observed.
Prester John was of course a hoax, but the story was widely believed, and the letter continued to circulate for centuries. Prester John's kingdom even appeared in maps as late as the 17th century.

-------------译者：babybaober-------------

Antipope
Who was the pope in 1409? It sounds like a simple question, but in fact the answer is far from clear. From 1409 to 1415 there were three people who simultaneously had a credible claim to being pope, all holding their own rival Papal Courts.

山寨教皇
公元1409年谁是教皇？这个貌似很简单的问题事实上至今为止远没有想象的那么简单。从1409年到1415年曾经有3个人同时声称自己是货着价实如假包换的教皇，并且各自拥有对立的教廷。

In Rome, there was Pope Gregory XII, who is now considered to have been the valid pope. In Avignon in southern France, a rival papacy had elected Benedict XIII in 1394. Meanwhile in Pisa, Italy, there was a third pope, Alexander V.

在罗马，Gregory 7世被认为是那时期正宗的教皇。而在法国南部阿维尼翁，1394年Benedict 8世则被推选为与罗马教廷对立的教皇。而同一时期在意大利比萨，则还有第三个教皇，即 Alexander 5世。

Of course, in principle the pope is God's sole appointed representative on earth, but among Catholics at the time there was disagreement about which pope was legitimate, while the others were deemed 'antipopes'. The interesting fact is that even today the Catholic Church's list of historical popes suggests that at certain points there were two simultaneous, legitimate popes.

当然，在律典上教皇是上帝在人间唯一的代表，但是在那一时期天主教徒们就哪位教皇代表正统，而其他的是山寨货却始终却无法达成一致。非常有趣的是时至今日，天主教历年教皇名录中在某些时段居然同时拥有两位唯一而且合法的教皇。

The Spanish Armada

For centuries, the British have proudly sung 'Rule, Britannia! Britannia rule the waves!', as Britain's naval dominance is a key part of our national myth. One of the cornerstones of this belief is England's defeat of the Spanish Armada, which was the largest sailing force that had ever been seen, being composed of 151 ships, 8,000 sailors and 18,000 soldiers.

西班牙舰队

几个世纪以来，英国人经常自豪的大声唱到“统治吧！不列颠尼亚！不列颠尼亚统治这片汹涌的海洋！“英勇无敌的海军是英国神话中一个关键组成部分。而这个信念的基石之一是英格兰海军击败了西班牙舰队，那时候的西班牙舰队拥有多达151条战船、8000水手和18000战士，被认为是当时史上最强大的海军力量。

However, the truth is that England's naval strength seems to have actually played very little part in the victory, as none of the main reasons for Spain's defeat can be credited to England at all. The Spanish plan was disastrously mismanaged, but even after losing five ships at the Battle of Gravelines, the Armada were poised for victory, as the English had run out of ammunition.

但是，事实上似乎英格兰海军力量对于最后战争的胜利饼没有起到多大作用，几乎找不到西班牙战败的原因可以归功于英格兰。西班牙灾难性的作战计划是导致失败的最主要原因，西班牙舰队在葛福兰战役失去五条站船后就着手准备着宣布胜利，因为那时候的英国佬已经耗尽了弹药。

The Glorious Revolution

It is a well-known fact that, despite various attempts, England hasn't been successfully invaded since the Norman Conquest of 1066, led by William the Conqueror.

光荣革命
众所周知的事实，英格兰除在1066年被威廉率领的诺曼族征服过外，尽管经过数次侵略，缺再也没有被外族成功征服过。

However, the truth is that there was a much more recent conquest, when the Dutch leader William of Orange invaded in 1688, ousting James II, to become King William III. So why do we not talk about the Dutch Conquest of England?

然而，事实并非如此，荷兰征服者橙色威廉在1688年入侵推翻了詹姆斯二世，成为国王威廉三世。那么，为什么我们不谈论荷兰征服了英格兰呢？

The reason is that it is generally considered to have been a revolution rather than an invasion, because William was invited to invade by parliament, and although he arrived with a considerable army and navy, there was hardly any actual fighting. As a result, the invasion is usually described as The Glorious Revolution.
原因是此次征服普遍的被认为是一场革命而非侵略，因为威廉是被英格兰议会邀请入侵的，尽管当时威廉带着相当可观数量的陆军和海军，但是几乎没发生过什么实际战斗。所以，这次入侵通常被描述为光荣革命。

------------译者：兔子国的子民-------------

The First World War
第一次世界大战

When was the First World War? The sensible answer is of course 1914-1918, but that conflict was not in fact the first 'world war' to take place.
第一次世界大战是在什么时候?智的回答当然是1914年 - 1918年，但是那场冲突实际上并不是第一次的“世界大战”的发生地。

According to Winston Churchill, the first world war was actually the Seven Years' War of 1756-1763, which was a conflict fought primarily between the empires of Britain and France, but which also involved a great many of the world's other powers, and was fought over an unprecedented, global canvass. Confusingly, the war we now call the 'First World War' wasn't known by that name at the time - it was known as 'The Great War'.
根据温斯顿·丘吉尔所说,第一次世界大战实际上是1756 年- 1763年的七年战争,这是一场主要在英国和法国两个帝国之间的斗争，但其中也涉及很多世界上的其它国家,一场争夺激烈程度空前的全球拉票。令人困惑的是,那场被我们称为“第一次世界大战”的战争在那时不叫这名字——它被称为“伟大的战争”。

It was only in the late 1930s, when war with Nazi Germany became imminent, that people began to describe this new war as 'World War Two', making the Great War retrospectively by definition 'World War One'.
它只是在1930年代末,当与纳粹德国进行战争时，人们开始描述这场新的战争是“二战”,而让伟大的战争回顾性的定义“一战”。

The Boston Tea Part
波士顿倾茶事件

In 1773 a group of around 40-50 early American patriots stormed onto the three tea ships which were waiting in Boston Harbor, and dumped 343 chests of tea into the sea in protest.
1773年,一群约40 - 50岁的早期美国爱国者冲进停靠在波士顿港的三艘运茶船,并抛售了343箱茶叶到海里以示抗议。

This iconic 'tea party' is today associated with the tax-cutting Republican right wing, which is ironic in that the Boston Tea Party was incited not by a tax increase, but by a massive tax cut.
这个标志性的“茶党”在今天是有关要求减税的共和党右翼，这是具有讽刺意味的，因为波士顿茶党的运动不是因为增加税收,而是因为大规模的减税。

The protest was a response to Britain's 1773 Tea Act, which effectively cut the tax on tea coming into the colonies by a massive 75 percent, from 12 pence per pound to just 3 pence per pound.
这次抗议是为了针对英国在1773年的茶叶法，有效地减少茶叶税收以使得进入殖民地占到了75%之巨，从每磅12便士减少为每磅3便士。

So why were the patriots so outraged by a tax cut? The answer is that the Boston Tea Party was not about the level of taxes at all, but about Britain's right to levy them.
那么为什么爱国者们对这次减税怒不可遏呢？答案是波士顿茶党不是针对税收水平，而是因为英国只对他们进行征收。

-------------译者：kunzhou880-------------

Queen Victoria
维多利亚女王

Queen Victoria is well known to have been a narrow-minded prude, whose repressive attitude to sexual matters had a dramatic effect on English culture which is still powerfully felt today.

众所周知，维多利亚女王，在压制有关于性方面的事情上，有着极端狭隘的思想。直到今天，在英国依然可以看到它的影响力。
Victoria is even believed to have refused to pass a law banning lesbianism, not because she was liberal-minded, but because she didn't believe lesbians existed, stating, 'Women do not do such things.'

人们相信维多利亚曾否决过一项禁止女同性恋的法律，这并不代表她有多开明，而是因为她不相信有女同性恋的存在，不相信女人会做这些。
However, Victoria was not always the straight-laced figure that she came to embody. As a young woman, she was keenly interested in sex, with a particular weakness for good-looking men. On Albert's first visits, Victoria would watch him arrive from the top of the stairs, confiding to her journal, 'It was with some emotion that I beheld Albert, who is beautiful.'
然而，维多利亚并不是总是展现出刻板想的形象，当她还是很年轻时，对异性产生过强烈的兴趣，见到帅哥就走不动路了。当阿尔伯特第一次访问时，维多利亚从上到下的打量着他。她的日记记录着：“那真让人激动，当我看着阿尔伯特，他是那么的英俊。”
Another night, after they were married, she simply wrote, 'We did not sleep much.'
另一个夜晚，当他们结婚以后，她简单的写下了：“（那一夜，）我们睡的时间很少。”

The Windsors
温莎王朝
Since the reign of George V, the British royal family have been known as the House of Windsor, but the origins of this name tell an interesting story about the flexible nature of royal protocol.

从乔治五世以来，英国王室被称为温莎王朝，但是这个名字来源，有一个有趣的故事，关于一个妥协的王室宣言。
When George V became king in 1910, he did so as a member of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In fact, the British royal family had been predominantly German in descent since 1714.
当乔治五世在1910年登基时，他是德国萨克森－科堡-哥达王朝的一员。事实上自从1714年以后，英国皇室主要是德国后裔。

However, the First World War polarised the question of the King's loyalty as never before. It was therefore imperative that George clarify his allegiance, and so George issued a royal proclamation declaring that henceforth he and his descendants would be known as the House of Windsor.
然而，第一次世界大战的爆发，使王室对国家的忠诚受到了前所未有的质疑。澄清效忠英国对乔治来说至关重要。因此，乔治发表王室宣言：声明他及他的后裔称为温莎王朝。

So why did George choose the name 'Windsor'? The answer is simply that it sounded The answer is simply that it sounded appropriately English,with the right whiff of tradition and heritage.

那么，为什么乔治选择温莎这个名字？答案很简单，这个简单的答案就是，它听起来更有英国味，更符合英国的传统习例。

评论翻译:
-------------译者：笑开怀-------------
评论按受欢迎程度选取，横线内为一组评论：
genrel1248 19 hours ago ( 9:19 AM)
Most history books never even mention the whole Abe Lincoln/Vampire connection.
大部分历史书连亚伯·林肯和吸血鬼的关系也不提及。（注：电影《吸血鬼猎人林肯》）
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Superpac 19 hours ago ( 9:39 AM)
Hope the baggers don't read about the Boston Tea Party, they might get very confused.
希望(超级市场雇用为顾客把所购商品装入纸袋的)装袋工不会读到有关波士顿倾茶事件的文章，他们可能会感到很困惑。（注：又称波士顿茶党事件，波士顿居民为抗议英国茶叶税和垄断茶叶贸易，于1773年12月16日乔装印第安人袭击了停在波士顿港的3艘英船，并将船上数百箱茶叶倾入海里，最终引起著名的美国独立战争。）
CrazyEyes 19 hours ago ( 9:42 AM)
They are already confused.
他们已经感到困惑。
ausmth 19 hours ago (10:10 AM)
I am tea party and the author is correct. It was about the crown taxing us not the amount.
我是茶党运动的参与者（注：发端于波士顿倾茶事件，是革命的代名词，主要参与者是主张采取保守经济政策的右翼人士），作者是对的。重要的是英国王权向我们征税，而不是征税的数量。
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FreeSwingingSoul 14 hours ago ( 2:47 PM)
It's interesting to look back at those historical myths and ponder how those myths came about. But it's chilling when you realize that factions here and now in the US are actively working to put more myths into the school books (i.e. creationism).
有趣的是回顾那些历史神话和仔细思考那些神话是怎么产生的。但那是令人恐惧的，当你认识到此时此刻在美国这派系正积极地致力于把更多的神话放进教科书中（也就是神创论）。

Melinda Brunner 14 hours ago ( 3:05 PM)
Amen to that. F and F.
不及格的历史书，阿门（注：基督教徒祈祷时的结束语）。
Decipherer 13 hours ago ( 3:28 PM)
And I am certain that they'll include all that "evidence" of the WMDs in Iraq which prompted our war on that country.
我肯定他们会加入所有与伊拉克的大规模杀伤性武器有关的“证据”，正是这些“证据”促使我们对伊拉克宣战。

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Telemachus 16 hours ago (12:41 PM)
Now will someone please debunk the notions that Ronald Reagan never raised taxes and that Democrats are "soft on defense"? Thank you.
现在有谁来揭穿以下观念，罗纳德·里根（注：美国前总统）从未提高税收和民主党“防守疲弱”？谢谢！
WassupUSA 16 hours ago ( 1:00 PM)
you are confusing fact with myth...
现在你对事实与神话感到混淆……
common error of democrats ...
民主党的常见错误……

Jerseytime 15 hours ago ( 1:15 PM)
Can you blame us? The GOP has been trumpeting these myths for 25 years. Don't you view their prevalence as "received truth" as a victory?
你们能指责我们吗？25年来大佬党像大象吼叫般吹嘘这些神话（注：大佬党是美国共和党的别称，共和党的象征是大象）。你不认为他们成功的普遍了他们口中的“真理”？

NavyRetiredInTexas 16 hours ago ( 1:07 PM)
Dems aren't "soft" on defense. They want to disband our military and open up our country to whomever wants to take over.
民主党在防守上并不疲弱。他们想解散我们的军队和为任何想接管我们国家的人打开国门。
Telemachus 15 hours ago ( 1:17 PM)
Like Osama bin Laden, you mean? I think it was Bush who opened up the country to him, and it took a Democrat to fix that little problem.
你是指，就像奥萨玛·本·拉登（注：基地组织前首领）？我认为是小布什为拉登打开了国门，然后需要一个民主党人去解决这一小问题。
Jerseytime 15 hours ago ( 1:17 PM)
Ex-Army here. Do you have no shame about posting such nonsense? On a thread about historical myths, no less.
退役军人路过。发表这种谬论你没有任何愧疚吗？居然遇到来自历史神话的威胁。
-------------译者：kunzhou880-------------

american-dolt 19 hours ago ( 9:51 AM)
History is written by the victor.
历史由胜利者书写。

TXconfidnz 19 hours ago ( 9:57 AM)
Doesn't mean that the victor can't be a liar...
那不意味着胜利者不会说谎。
solid 18 hours ago (10:20 AM)
That's exactly what it means.
确切的说那是他的本意

jymfrancais 19 hours ago (10:06 AM)
Thats why most Americans think that the US won WW2 on its own, with nobody else's help.......never mind the russians, the brits, the canadians, the aussies, north african Armies and Resistance all over Europe, but nope..only the US fought and won.
这就是为什么大多数美国人认为是美国，在没有别人的帮助下，赢得了二战.....永远不会注意到俄罗斯、英国、加拿大、澳洲人，北非的军队和整个欧洲的抵抗。绝不是只有美国在战斗，也不光是美国胜利。

WalterRetlaw 18 hours ago (10:20 AM)
That's because none of those countries could've won without American help. Without the Lend-Lease program, both the Soviets and Brits would've fallen. The Soviets, in particular, would've been totally screwed if it hadn't been for American equipment and supplies. So, in essence, it was the industrial might of America that won the war, whether we were taking an active part in it or not. The British and Russians were out proxies.
那是因为没有国家能够在没有美国帮助下取得胜利，没有租借法案（注：二战中美国向盟国提供设备、粮食等物资的法案），无论是苏联人还是英国人，都会失败。具体的说，苏联，如果没有美国的设备和供应，已经完全崩溃。本质上说，是美国的工业实力决定了战争的胜利，取决于我们是否介入。苏联人和英国人没有决定权。

bosd 17 hours ago (11:33 AM)
I think most people know that the US were not the only victors of the war, but the US also benefited greatly after the war and maybe that could have an impact on the way people think. However, when the US joined the war, it was a huge boost for the Allies in terms of more men/supplies for the war.

Now, what if Japan never attacked Pearl Harbor. Would the US have entered the war when it did?
我想大多数人知道美国不是唯一的胜利者。但是美国在战后获得了巨大的利益这影响了人们的看法。然而，当美国加入战争时，他已经为盟国提供了大量的人员和物资。
现在，大家想想，如果日本当年没有偷袭珍珠港，美国会参战吗？
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AZLibDem 15 hours ago ( 1:31 PM)
These aren't "Myths From The History Books"; these are myths believed by people who never read any history books.
这些虚构的东西不是来自于历史书，而是没读过历史书的人编造出来的。

opprobrious 14 hours ago ( 2:18 PM)
Well put.
顶

Stahler 14 hours ago ( 2:33 PM)
Unless you consider the 'corrections' made by the Texas School Board to recent text books.
除非你认可德克萨斯最新出版的学校教科书的修订。
AZLibDem 11 hours ago ( 5:55 PM)
My statement stands, as I don't consider those to be actual history books :D
我声明，我不认为这是现行的历史书：D
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-------------译者：kunzhou880-------------

BogieShizzle 17 hours ago (11:16 AM)
The Boston Tea Party was a protest over a tax cut. Thousands of heads just exploded in red state America. A perfectly good breakfast of cheese covered bacon strips, cheesey grits, and the bottom half of last night's natty light sits lonely on the kitchen table.

波士顿茶党为了减税而抗议，数以千计的美国人被打爆了头，完美的早餐是盖满培根的奶酪，各种奶酪粉，下半夜一个人静静的坐在亮着精致灯光的厨房餐桌前。
Quinny 17 hours ago (11:48 AM)
It wasn't over a "tax cut". Read the script. The protest was over
whether or not the English had the right to tax the colonies AT ALL.
And that STILL applies today.

"We tax everything that moves or breathes.."

Hillary Clinton

Selah
那不是为了减税，读那个剧本，抗议根本就是为了取消英国人在殖民地的征税权。直到现在依然适用。
“我们对一切收税，包括移动和呼吸。。”
希拉里克林顿
希拉

Inkosi 17 hours ago (12:07 PM)
Bogie Shizzle - fanned and faved!
让人民转向-煽动和痴迷（洗脑？不太明白）

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Nunyabiz1 18 hours ago (10:39 AM)
You left out the biggest hoax/myth of them all.

1. The fact that no such Jesus of Nazareth ever existed in reality, the fact that he was merely an allegorical character in a stage play based on Astrology and the cycle of the sun.
你得离开那个最大的骗局和神话
1.事实上拿撒勒人耶稣根本就不存在，事实那只不过是存在于一个基于太阳运转的占星术的舞台剧。
KeepNIt2Real 18 hours ago (10:49 AM)
Will you hush and leave Jesus out of this? He's got his eye on you ya know...
你将会因为这些悄悄的离开耶稣吗？，他在看着你，你知道的。。
pirx 17 hours ago (11:25 AM)
Haviland brought Jesus in when he referenced Constantine and his forced conversion of the Roman Empire to the Jesus cult. Try to keep up.
哈维兰将耶稣引入到君士坦丁堡，用权力迫使罗马帝国信仰耶稣。下面的继续。

Nunyabiz 17 hours ago (11:36 AM)
Yeah every time I walk out the door on a "sunny" day.
是的，每次出门总是“阳光明媚”。
cfisher000 18 hours ago (11:02 AM)
Nonsense, read anti-Christian Bart Ehrman's work.
胡扯，读一下反基督的巴特.埃尔曼的作品吧。
bullwinkle88 14 hours ago ( 2:58 PM)
Anti-Christian because he reports on historical facts and findings than heresay?
反基督是因为他的报告基于的历史事实和发现还是因为这里所讲的这些？
Nunyabiz1 13 hours ago ( 3:56 PM)
I have read it, and I am not saying that some actual person (possibly Yeshua Ben Pantera) or quite possibly and more likely ( Apollonius of Tyanna ) of which the "Character" of the MYTHICAL Jesus of Nazareth was taken from. BUT a real "Jesus of Nazareth" which did ANY of the mythical magical things that is claimed in the bible? not a snowballs chance, absolutely ZERO evidence of such.
我读了它，我不是说，拿撒勒人耶稣，是一个具体的人或者神话故事的角色，在圣经中，有提到关于他的任何神奇的事吗？这不是一个滚雪球的机会（）绝对没有任何证据。
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-------------译者：kunzhou880-------------

bi-poplar 16 hours ago (12:37 PM)
Your point that the Great Wall cannot be seen from the moon is not the same as "can be seen from space", as you could actually see it from the space shuttle, which orbitted much closer than the moon, but was still considered "in space".

你的观点，在月球上无法看到长城，并代表不能够从太空中看到，但是从航天飞机上确实可以看到它，航天飞机的轨道比月球近多了，但那依然是太空。
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BacSi 17 hours ago (12:05 PM)
Most vets of Vietnam were spit on or otherwise insulted when they came back from the war.
大多数从越南战场上回来的老兵受到了唾弃和侮辱。
Now I am not saying that none were but almost all were not.
目前，我不敢说完全没有，但肯定是绝大多都没有。
I was a combat vet during that period. I was a combat vet on a college campus during that period. I knew lots of vets who had returned from the war.
我是那个时代的退伍老兵。我是个退伍老兵，那时我在大学校园里（读书）。我见到了很多从那场战争中回来的老兵。
Not one of them ever suggested to me that spitting or anything else was the case. And if it had happened we would have discussed it.
没有人发现任何显示他们被唾弃或其他什么的事情。另外，如果真的有这种事，我们一定会谈论到的。
They , those against the war, seemed more interested in having us vets join the marches. And many of us did.
那些反战的人，看起来只对邀请我们这些老兵加入反战游行更感兴趣。我们很多人也是这么做的。

Urban Myth is my call on most of these spitting stories.
我听到关于唾弃越战老兵的故事大多是在都市流言中。

cphill 16 hours ago (12:23 PM)
Republicans and Conservative myth-makers are the more likely culprits.
共和党人和保守的流言制造者看起来更像是罪犯。

Harpro208 16 hours ago (12:28 PM)
There has never been a documented case of a Vietnam veteran being spat upon. No news film. No police report. Nothing. A myth created ironically by Hollywood "liberals" in various films and then seized upon by conservatives to question the patriotism of anti-war liberals. Hollywood also created the myth about the crazed Vietnam veteran. No evidence that many Nam vets had a worse time adjusting to coming home than veterans of earlier wars. A few did.
从来没有发生过越战老兵被唾弃的事，没有新闻音像，没有警察报告，什么都没有。制造这个流言的是好莱坞“自由派”的一些电影。迎合了保守的反战自由派爱国主义。好莱坞还制造了疯狂的越战老兵的流言。没有证据证明从南越回来的老兵比以前其他战争回来的老兵在回家前的那段调整时间过得更差。只有极少数是的。

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kkehoe5 19 hours ago (10:07 AM)
Wow 11 mths in history. You can expand that list by another 10,000 if you just look in the Bible.
哦，11个虚假的历史，如果你只看圣经，你可以举出10000个例子。

Djay0252 18 hours ago (10:34 AM)
There is no knowledge that is not power. ....read your own words...the Bible is knowledge and therefore power.
这不是知识，那是无力的，。。看你自己的话。。圣经是知识因此也是有力的。

-------------译者：kunzhou880-------------

angelcakesinc 17 hours ago (11:40 AM)
The bible is myth and allegory, not knowledge.

圣经是神话和寓言，不是知识。

KeepNIt2Real 18 hours ago (10:51 AM)
Wow, the Bible doesn't even record 10,000 accounts and yet, you say "10,000". Sounds like hate language to me.
哦。圣经没有记录10000个事件，你说10000，这是让我听着很讨厌的话
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HUFFPOST SUPER USER 06:15 PM on 06/20/2012
So then what you're saying is that Constantine, as the first Christian Emperor, was typically Christian.
所以你说的那个君士坦丁，作为第一个基督徒皇帝，是一个典型的基督徒。
greytunes 20 hours ago ( 9:11 AM)
Only on his deathbed if that.
只有在临死的时候才是。

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JoeMomma 18 hours ago (10:35 AM)
And the number one thing the history books got wrong? A loner shooter killed JFK.
许多历史书在一件事情上犯了错误？一个孤僻的枪手杀了肯尼迪。

jonny dipstick 18 hours ago (10:56 AM)
it was self defense too.
这是自我保护。

DarkSyn 18 hours ago (11:01 AM)
It's a toss up. "Mission Accomplished".
这是抛硬币决定的，“任务完成”。

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jimboy71 19 hours ago (10:09 AM)
Well,
If you're going to write a book about historical errors, it would be great not to introduce more in it. In the first section, we have two that I note.

1) The Great Wall has no ancient sections remaining. This is false.There are many older sections remaining throughout China in various states of disrepair. The first attemps were made of mud brick, and are still visible today. It is the relatively short sections visited by tourists that have been rebuilt.

2) It is the only man made structure visible from space. This is false, but not for the reason that the author states. He states it isn't visible from the moon (by the naked eye), but while the moon is in space, it isn't the only vantage point from which to see the planet. Many human structures are visible from space (near earth orbit) especially at night, and any astronaut will tell you so.

If there are that many mistakes in the first slide, I shudder to think how well researched the book is.
好啦。
如果你要挑出一本书的历史错误，那实在是太多了，在第一节，我就找到了两个。
1.古代遗留的长城已经不存在了，这是个错误，中国还存在大量的年久失修的古长城，最初是由泥砖砌成，现在还可以看得到，只有很短一段是重新修过的，供游客参观。
2.它是能够从太空中看到的人造建筑，这是错误的，但并不是作者所描述的原因，他说无法在月球上凭肉眼看到（长城），但是月球并不是从太空中观察这颗行星（地球）的唯一高度。许多人造建筑可以在太空（近地轨道）中看到，尤其是在晚上，那些宇航员会告诉你这些。
如果再第一张幻灯片就有这么多错误，我不敢想怎么去研究这本书。
-------------译者：kunzhou880-------------

Tom Weidermeijer 16 hours ago (12:24 PM)
Space is 100km up. You cannot see the Great Wall from space.

I didn't understand his moon reference either.

太空是指100千米之外，你无法再太空中看到长城。
我不明白他为什么要拿月亮来说事。
jimboy71 16 hours ago (12:40 PM)
I don't believe I claimed one could. ;)
我确信我没说过一个“可以”。
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NitramNos 19 hours ago ( 9:26 AM)
As usual, the hype of the HP headline falls flat. Two thirds of these are not myths perpetuated by history books. Rather, they are common misconceptions by lay people, including the ones about the Great Wall, Prester John, the Antipope, the Spanish Armada, the Glorious Revolution, WWI and Queen Victoria.
像往常一样，这有点文不对题，这里面三分之二的虚假传说不是来自于历史书。当然，这些常见的错误来自于人们的谎言，包括哪些：长城、大祭司约翰、山寨教皇、西班牙的无敌舰队、光荣革命、第一次世界大战和维多利亚女王。

PaticaDeGato 19 hours ago ( 9:54 AM)
The Spanish Armada destruction-by-storm is widely known.
西班牙的无敌舰队毁于风暴是大家广泛知晓的
bosd 17 hours ago (11:40 AM)
Yeah so did I after reading from various historical accounts how they felt the storm was divine intervention. The English had smaller and faster ships than the Spanish Armada's huge vessels, but it was the storm that did the damage. And that was clearly laid out in all the historical accounts I have read.
是的，我读了很多历史，他们的观点是西班牙的无敌舰队毁于风暴。相对于西班牙无敌舰队的大船，英国的船更小更快，但他们确实毁于风暴。我读过的历史书上都是这么说的

Jeff in Milwaukee 19 hours ago (10:06 AM)
I defy the author to find a single history book that presents the Prester John myth as a fact.
我敢说作者一定是找了一本把大祭司约翰的神话当做事实的历史书。
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hrayovac 15 hours ago ( 1:44 PM)
I've been to the Great Wall..and I agree..but it's still a Pretty Good Wall.
我去过长城，我同意你的说法，但它依然是一个完美的城墙。

GaryNOVA 15 hours ago ( 2:04 PM)
I one day hope to see "The Pretty Good Wall Of China".
我希望有一天能去看看“中国的完美城墙”。

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Bellalina 16 hours ago ( 1:05 PM)
Well thanks for creating more myths..the obvious one being about the great wall being seen from space. Apparently you didn't read up on this well or understand something. There are pictures of a section of the Great Wall that ran in NAT GEO Magazine taken from the shuttle in orbit around the earth. No one ever claimed they saw it from the moon. Your little paragraph was confusing. Space is huge...you should have stated the myth was it could be seen from the moon.... I only have a but a room to write about the other things you got so very wrong!
好啦，谢谢你创造了这么多神话，最明显的是那个能够从太空中看到长城，很明显，你没有读好或者没有弄明白。国家地理上有一张长城的照片，它是在绕地球飞行的航天飞机上拍的。没有人说是从月球上可以看到。你这一小段搞混了，太空是极大的。。。你听到的说在月球上可以看到长城，那是个神话。我只会用一个房间（回复？）去写那些你错的离谱的东西。
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【龙腾】十一个历史书里面的虚构事件