As water runs dry,Californians brace for a new way of life

水越来越珍贵，加州人谋求新的生活方式龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
原文地址：http://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/as-water-runs-dry-californians-brace-for-a-new-way-of-life/2015/04/04/f1ebb4ba-daba-11e4-b3f2-607bd612aeac_story.html?wprss=rss_homepage#

龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com

PASADENA, Calif. — His lawn wasthick, healthy and gorgeous, and Mike Duran wasin love. “It was so green. It was so lush,” hesaid. But the relationship had financial issues. Watering the grass cost about$1,200 every other month in this drought-stricken state.龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
加州，帕萨迪纳
MikeDuran曾对他的草坪赞不绝口“我的草坪绿油油的”，他原来的草坪长势很好，非常好看。但就是这片草坪，让Mike遇到了经济问题。加州旱情严重，每两个月浇草坪的花费可达1200美元。

“Themoney I was spending for water, I had to make a change,” Duran said. The yardhas been an arrangement of sand and cactus forthree months now. “Emotionally, it took me a little time to adjust, to say theleast,” he said.
“浇水的花费太多，我不得不改变”，Duran说道。三个月前，他的花园已经改为沙漠风情，黄沙加仙人掌。“我确实花了一段时间来平复我的心情，这一点都不夸张。”

WhenGov. Jerry Brown (D) told Californians last week that watering grass every dayis “going to be a thing of the past” and announced the first mandatory water restrictions in the state’s history, people in a region full of swimming pools, pretty lawns andflowers bursting in technicolor began to worry that the place would start tolook a lot more like Arizona.
上周，加州州长JerryBrown (D)向加州人民宣布每天给草坪浇水“即将成为过去式”，同时也颁布了该州首部强制禁水令，加州人民开始担心，拥有遍地游泳池，精致草坪和姹紫嫣红的花朵的加州会越来越像亚利桑那州。

“Withoutwater, you can’t live in California,” said Bill Whalen, who works on politics,and the politics of water, at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution. “Itties into the California psyche.
“没有水，你根本不能在加州生活”，斯坦福大学胡佛研究院的BillWhalen说道，他从事政治工作，和水政工作。“水已经融入到加州的一切。”

“They have plush lawns and nice gardens that require lots ofwater. They have the ocean and Lake Tahoe skiing. You have a nice car.You want it clean. You need water,” said Whalen, who was a speechwriter forformer governor Pete Wilson (R). “You can’t have California agriculture withoutwater. You lose the nation’s salad bowl.”
“他们浇草坪和花园需要用很多水，他们有大海和大浩湖滑冰场。你有一辆很好的车。你希望它干净，你就需要水，” 前州长PeteWilson (R)的演讲稿撰写人Whalen说道。“加州的农业不能没有水，国家不能没有聚宝盆。”（saladbowl指的是加州的SalinasValley，以物产丰饶而闻名，被称作世界的聚宝盆theSalad Bowl of the World）

Californiais faced with a double whammy of high temperatures — the state just had itswarmest winter on record — and low rainfall that is exacerbated by anatmospheric pattern that for three years straight has diverted winter stormsaway from the state, depriving it of crucial precipitation. The outlook, ifglobal greenhouse gas emissions are not decreased, is a megadrought lasting 30years for California and several Southwestern states, a NASA study said.

加州面临的是高温的双面夹击，此次冬天是有史以来最温暖的，气象条件使得三年以来降水稀少，这次冬天更是让加州远离暴风雨，远离大规模降水。NASA研究报告称，如果不减少世界温室气体排放量，加州和几个西南部的州将面临长达30年的大干旱。

The state is in the fourth year of a severe drought. With its snowpack level near zero, thelowest ever recorded, Brown ordered California’s 400 water agencies to cuttheir output by 25 percent or face fines of up to $10,000 per month, astate official said, a penalty that can be passed to homeowners who fail to comply.

今年已经是加州第四年大旱。积雪厚度基本为零，刷新历史最低记录，州官员称Brown下令把加州400多个用水机构用水量缩减25%，不然就开出每月$10,000罚单，这同样适用于家庭用水。

A survey last month by the Public Policy Institute ofCalifornia, a nonprofit think tank in San Francisco, shows that Californiansrealize they are running out of water. Nearly 70 percent said supplieswill be inadequate in 10 years.

去年，位于三藩市的一家非盈利智库——加州公共事业研究院发表了一份调查问卷，问卷显示加州人意识到他们水资源短缺。近七成的人表示水供应量在十年内会出现问题。

A divide over agriculture

农业的特殊待遇

Brown’s announcement, however, created a divide by targeting urban residents but not farmers,who use 80 percent of the state’s water and grow crops such as rice andalmonds that require prodigious amounts ofwater.

Brown的法令有着差异化待遇，禁水令适用于城市居民，而农民却“逍遥法外”，正是这些人使用了加州80%的水资源（北京躺枪，译者），他们种植作像大米，杏仁等需要大量水资源的作物。

“We don’t like when we see a double standard,” saidAdam Scow, the California director of Food and Water Watch, a nonprofitenvironmental group. “Everybody’s going to have to do their part. The guysusing all the water — you’re not asking them to do their part? It’s dishonest.”

“我们不喜欢双重标准”，非环保组织Food and Water Watch（暂且翻译为食物和饮水监察组织）的加州分部主任Adam Scow说道，“每个人都要行动起来，尽到他们的责任，我们都在用水，你却只让他们在一边看？这太狡猾了。”

He called Brown’s exclusion of farmers a “failure tolead” and “be a governor for all” state residents.

他对Brown关于农民的结论称作“失败的领导”，要做“全州公民的州长。”

越红表示越缺水

Ina state where governors often give deference tothe $40 billion agriculture industry, Scow said Brown’s exclusion was “nota surprise.” Farmers have sucked out so much groundwater for crops over thepast decade that it cannot be replaced naturally. Yet there was no plan toregulate its removal until Brown signed legislation to managegroundwater last year.
在这个农业产值高达400亿美元的州，州长对农业还是很谨慎的。Scow说Brown的结论是“意料之中”。农民们在过去的几十年里用掉了大量地表水灌溉作物，这短期内还不能改变。之前一直没有转移农业的计划，直到去年Brown签署了地表水管理的法令。

“There’sbooming almond production in the CentralValley,” Scow said. “It takes four times as much water to grow almonds in theheat of the valley. The solution is to buy outthe farmers and put the land to other uses.”
“在CentralValley（中央峡谷，译者），杏仁产量相当可观，”Scow说道，“峡谷里很热，在这里种植杏仁需要耗费四倍的水，解决办法就是用钱搞定农民，让他们腾出地，挪作他用。

Butthat threatens people’s livelihoods, said state agriculture officials andothers who defend the farmers. As water drained,400,000 farm acres were taken out of use and nearly 20,000 jobs were lost lastyear.
农业部和力挺农民的人们表示，这威胁到了人们的生计，随着地表水干涸，去年，400,000英亩的土地不能继续耕作，由此约20,000人丢掉了工作。

Farmersare getting only 20 percent of the water they request from the State WaterProject, which captures water in the northern parts of California and pumps itto various water agencies.
“Agricultureis already taking a hard hit,” said FeliciaMarcus, chair of the State Water Resources Control Board. She called the 80percent to 20 percent difference in urban and agricultural use “an artificialbreakdown” and said that “urban users depend on agricultural production. It’snot about finger-pointing. It’s about everybodyhaving to step up.”
州水资源管理工程将加州北部的水收集起来，并统一发配给用水机构。农民们只得到他们需要用水量的20%，“农业已经收到巨大打击”州水资源管理董事会主席FeliciaMarcus说道。她表示之前提到的城市、农业用水量之比是“非自然状况”，她说城市人依靠农业产出，现在不是推卸责任的时候，现在每个人都要行动起来。”

Whalen called Brown’s restrictions a defining moment forboth him and the state: “It’s rare that something comes out of Sacramento thathits on all levels. This is one of those things.”

Whalen说Brown禁水令的推出是一个决定性的时刻，对他，对加州都是如此。“很少从州府出来的什么消息能影响各个阶层，这次不一样。”

Everybody takes a hit, Whalen said. Other governorswere thrown out of office when that happened — Gray Davis (D) was recalled inthe early 2000s, when, among other problems confronting his administration, rolling blackouts robbed Californians of power fordays.

Whalen说：每个人都不好过。其他官员都被辞退了。Gray Davis在2000-2010年早期复职，不过在任期间其它问题也很多。比如加州几天的大停电。

But in his second term and final four years asgovernor under term limits, Brown knows his time is short and “wants to do bigthings,” Whalen said. It is his chance to bring a diversegroup of stakeholders to his office to talk about water.

在他的第二个任期，在这任期的最后四年，Brown知道自己没有时间了，他想“做点大事，” Whalen说，这是他把不同领域的股东们请到他办公室讨论水资源的机会。

“First thing to talk about is agriculture’s use ofwater, forcing them to look at whether we need thirsty crops like alfalfa,”Whalen said. Developers who build edifices with huge fountains,environmentalists who call for too many restrictions and other fixes, and urbanplanners should all be at the table, he said.

“首先要谈的是农业用水的问题，迫使他们考虑我们是不是需要种植耐旱植株，比如苜蓿，”Whalen说。他还提到，带有大型喷泉的大楼的设计者，呼吁加税和禁令的环保人士，城市规划人员都要在场。

“It’s a conversation that canlead to action.”

“这次交流才能让我们行动起来。”

In the Pasadena area, a few miles northeast ofdowntown Los Angeles, homeowners do not appear readyto take action. Along the winding roads leading to the storied HuntingtonLibrary, Art Collection and Botanical Gardens in San Marino, dozens of workerstrimmed lawns and watered flowers Friday.

在距洛杉矶市区东北几英里的帕萨迪纳，户主们看起来还没有准备行动。在通往亨廷顿图书馆、艺术廊和植物园的蜿蜒道路上，许多工人还在周五浇花，修剪草坪。

“It worries me,” said Duran, who lives in the cityknown for the Rose Bowl, the Rose Parade and homes with huge emerald yardsadorned with thirsty azaleas.

“这让我很担心。” Duran说道，他所居住的城市因“玫瑰苑”而出名，玫瑰花车游行，家家户户拥有翠绿的花园，装点着急需浇水的杜鹃花。

“I know a lot of people don’t care. But what’s goingto happen in years to come? These houses, these mansions. They have the money.They don’t care,” Duran said. He thought a mean thing: “I hope they fine them.I hope they charge them a lot.”

“我知道很多人不在乎。但是几年之后会发生什么呢？这些房子，大楼。他们有钱，他们不在乎，” Duran说道。他有个过分的想法：“我希望可以罚他们，重重得罚。”

Duran said that by making a switch from grass to sandand succulents, he saved $900 on a water bill that arrives every two months.

Duran说自从他改用沙子种仙人掌，每两个月就省下了900美元。

“But my neighbors are not ready to do it,” he said.

“但是我的邻居还没做好准备，”他说。

Down the street, Lenon Mitchell said he will not ripout his turf for a desert motif.

这条街上的另一个住户，Lenon Mitchell说他绝不会把他的草皮掀掉打造所谓的“沙漠风情”。

“I’m not interested in that,” he said. “I’ll just keepit like it is and water it less till the rain comes back.”

“我对那个不感兴趣，”他说。“我要保持现状，少浇点水直到下雨。”

Mitchell moved to the neighborhood more than 40 yearsago and has steadily watered his modest lawn and plants less and less becauseof increasing water rates and decreasing rain. He pointed at the house nextdoor, with a yard that looked like his, and his neighbors across the streetwith lawns that were green with lots of brown patches.

Mitchell搬到这里已经40年了，由于降水减少和水费增加，草坪浇得越来越少。他指了指隔壁，花园和他的很像，街对面的邻居，花园的草坪看起来绿油油的，夹杂着许多棕色。

The street stretched for a mile, showcasingtraditional lawns with a mixture of palms, bird of paradise plants and azaleason an 80-degree day.

街区长达一米，路两旁都是美丽的传统草坪，棕榈树，鹤望兰，杜鹃花，在80度（26.7摄氏度）温度下的交相辉映。

Getting by with less water

适应缺水新常态

Los Angeles has more carwashes than any other city inthe United States, and California has more than any other state, said BradHooper, board president for the Western Carwash Association. Hooper saidcarwash owners saw the writing on the wall when they were hit with high waterbills years ago and started using reclaimed water.

洛杉矶拥有全美最多的洗车商，加州的洗车商也比其他州多，西部洗车协会会长Brad Hooper说道。Hooper说洗车老板们几年前发现苗头不对，用水费用飞涨，于是他们开始回收洗车用水。

For beautiful lawns, Californians turn to landscaperssuch as Larry Rohlfes of the California Association of Landscapers. At first,he said, his members were worried about water loss, but now they think Brown’sannouncement could be a godsend.

为了保住美丽的草坪，加州人变身园林美化师，就像加州园林协会的Larry Rohlfes。他说，起初，他的会员担心水流失，但是现在他们认为Brown的声明是及时雨。

People will still want their homes to look nice, andthey will need experts to make over their lawns with a stunningdesert flair. Change “is going to come as a shock to many of our members,”Rohlfes said, “but they will have the tools to help clients make the shift to adifferent landscape. There are many ways to make them beautiful and use lesswater.”

人们还是想让自己的家园看起来棒棒的，他们需要专家把原先的草皮打造成惊艳的沙漠园地。“改变让他的会员们措手不及，”Rohlfes说，“但是他们有办法帮助客户完成这个转变，设计不同景观。做到既美观又省水，办法很多。”

On the other hand, said Barbara Alvarez, the owner ofa landscape maintenance company, the governor’s pledge to rip up50 million square feet of thirsty turf will devastatepeople who sell sod.

另一方面，景观维护公司Barbara Alvarez说，政府承诺处理5千万平方英尺干土，这对土壤销售者是灭顶之灾。

“They are really going to suffer,” she said.

“这够他们受的了。”她说。

But California has to do something, said KerryTownsend, who lives in Redondo Beach with her husband and two children.California is hotter than ever, she said. She feels it every day.

Kerry Townsend和他的丈夫，两个孩子住在雷东多比奇，她说加州需要做出些改变，加州比以前热，我每天都能感觉到。

“When I moved here nearly 10 years ago, we actually had a change of seasons through the winter,”she said. “It was lovely. Now it feels like summer all the time, and it neverrains. It has just gotten hotter over time.”

“我十年前搬来的时候，我们切实感觉到冬天天气的变化。”她说。“那感觉很好，但是现在我感觉一直都是夏天，从来不下雨。而且越来越热。”

评论

em71

Ican see that preserving agriculture is important, but I see absolutely noreason why rice or almonds should be grown in a state that suffers fromdrought. Grow crops - just not those.

我能看出来保留农业很重要，但是我真的不知道为什么在这样一个干旱的地方种植水稻或者杏仁。绝不该种植作物。

ad9inaz

It'swater law. Farmers were the first to claim rights to water, and in the west,water goes to the people with the oldest rights. On the TV news today I saw aninterview with a California farmer who was selling some of his water rightsbecause he was afraid California would try to change the law if the water wasnot shared.

楼上的，这是水资源法。农民拥有最先获取水资源的权利，在西部，水资源分配给拥有最古老用水权利的人。今天在电视新闻李，我看到一段加州农民的采访，他把自己的部分用水权卖了出去，因为他害怕如果不这么做，加州会修改法案。

FortyFifteen

Almondmilk uses less water than dairy milk. Beef takes more than almonds. Why sosilent about meat and dairy?

杏仁露用水比牛奶少，牛肉用水比杏仁多，为什么没人说牛肉和牛奶？

starling1

"Peoplein a region full of swimming pools, lush lawns and bright flowers begin toworry that the place could start to look a lot more like Arizona."

Whyshouldn't it look a lot like Arizona? The California desert is a lot likeArizona

加州人民开始担心，拥有遍地游泳池，精致草坪和姹紫嫣红的花朵的加州会越来越像亚利桑那州。

不应该像亚利桑那州吗？加州的沙漠像极了亚利桑那。

5amefa91

Nationbuilding in Iraq and Afghanistan for trillions is fine.
Nation building in America is not fine. Too expensive.
hee hee

在伊朗和阿富汗斥资几十亿美元爽快得要命。

在美国境内搞点建设就不行，太贵了。

额额。

BrianX9

sooneror later,
Cali will go all in on seawater desalination.
Youse guys can delay,
but there is no other alternative.
so,
why not sooner ?

加州步入全面海水淡化是早晚的事，现在这些人可以不做，但是没有其他选择。

所以，为什么不早点起步呢？

bstiegel

Mybiggest fear is that this will affect the lifestyles of movie stars andcelebrities.

我最担心的是这会影响原来的生活方式：影星明星之类的。

OldProgessivefromWisconsin

Californiawill have to ban those mega-dairies and let states like Wisconsin produce yourmilk for you. We have plenty of water.

加州会关停那些大型牛奶厂，转而让其他州（像威斯康辛州州）来为你们生产牛奶。我们有的是水。

LarryTalbot

Almondsand pistachios use ten per cent of all of the ag water in the state, which is80 per cent and this is done because they are the most profitable to thebillionaires who own these farms. Almonds and pistachios are worthless andunnecessary. They are not a staple but Moonbeam will shill for these parasitesbecause they have dumped tons of cash on the California mafia of a government.

杏仁和开心果使用了农业10%的耗水量，也就是全州80%的用水量，之所以这么做是因为它们对坐拥百万资产的农场主来说利润丰厚。种植杏仁和开心果得不偿失。他们不是我们州的主产物，州长势必铲除这些寄生虫，因为他们给给黑手党捐钱不是一点半点。

FredinVicksburg

TheUnited States, as a country, has lots of water. It is just in the wrong place(and often at the wrong time). In Mississippi we have too much rain, and rivershave been at flood stages. It would be nice if we could magically transport thewater from one place to another.

Asto water use, my philosophy has always been that plants either survive on theirown or they don't survive. If my lawn turns brown during a dry period, so beit. The grass is drought resistant, and gets green again when it rains. As topersonal use, people used to get by with a lot less. My car gets washed when itrains.

美国有丰富的水资源，只不过地理分配不均（或者时间上）。在密西西比州，我们有丰沛的降水，河流接近堤坝边沿。要是能把这些水隔空转移到另外一个地方就好了。

对于水资源的使用，我的观点是要么自力更生，要么被淘汰。如果我的草坪在旱季时发蔫了，那就蔫吧。草是能挺过干旱的，等下雨的时候会再次变绿。对我们来说，以前我们没有这么在意过。只要一下雨，我就能免费洗车。

GeoType

~12 yrs ago my CA nephew sent pics from the Sierras. The snow pack was almost12'

Todayit's almost 0 in the same place.

12年前我在加州的侄子给我寄了几张Sierras的照片，那里积雪厚度达12英尺。

现在，还是那个地方，一点雪都没有了。

AndrewJustice

Ourworld is made up of seventy five percent water there are plenty ways Californiacan have water. When water cost fifty dollars for a barrel they will conserve.

地球表面75%的面积被水覆盖，所以加州有很多办法可以获取水资源，等到每桶水50美元的时候，人们自然懂得节约用水。

Give-Me-Liberty

Willthis make California start governing seriously? I hope so...

加州政府准备动真格的吗？我希望如此》》》》

ChristopherKidwell

Goingto have to build desalinization plants.... it is the only real solution toCalifornia's water woes.

将来建海水淡化吧，，这是唯一的现实方案。

CarterNewton

HolyGlobal Warming! Californians need to limit their breathing as well, stop thedemon CO2 and save the day.

全球变暖你妹啊！加州人是不是连呼吸都要受限呢，呼吸产生二氧化碳，这是罪魁祸首！为了未来，请不要呼吸！

tunkefer

About20 years ago, I heard a lecture from a hydrologist/economist who predicted thatthe population growth in California, the southwest and the southeast wasunsustainable from a water resource point of view. He predicted a"re-discovery" of the Great Lakes region with its huge water reservesin the lakes and the aquifers that surround it. Meanwhile, all the U.S. statesand the Canadian provinces in the Great Lakes watershed have signed a compact thatprohibits the export of water outside of that watershed.

20年前，我听过一位水文学家的讲座，他也是一位经济学家，讲座的主体是加州的人口增长率，从水资源供给的角度看，加州西南和东南部的人口增长是不可持续的。他预测要再发现一个类似五大湖的地区，水资源丰富，周围河流众多。同时，五大湖地区的美国各大州和加拿大各省份曾签署过一份协议，禁止将水资源输出。

SeattleRob

Ok,reduce our CO2 output to zero tomorrow. What happens in six years when thepopulation of China, India, and Indonesia grow over 350 million absorbing our carbonreduction are we going to eat carbon then? Those countries will do nothing, andthe studies have shown no direct connection to climate change and man.

额，明天把二氧化碳排放量减到零。想想六年后，当中国，印度和印尼的人口增长到超过3.5亿，他们填补了我们的减排量，到时候我们怎么办，把那些二氧化碳吃掉？那些国家光说不练，而且研究显示人类和全球变暖没有直接关系。

DefendBillOfRights

Obviously,deport the illegals, do no landscaping and never water the lawn

Problemsolved !

很明显，遣返非法移民，不要各种景观，不浇草坪。

完事！

DefendBillOfRights

Californiadoesnt get it - the water shouldn't be in those fields AND the illegal aliensworking there should be there either.

Caseclosed.

加州还是没搞明白症结在哪，不应该往那些农田浇水，更不应该的是让非法移民在那里工作。

以上。

译者：石板条

美网民评论：加州大旱，加州人进入缺水新常态