原文地址：http://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/04/travel/engineering-feats/index.html?hpt=travel_hp_blogroll

正文翻译:

原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com 翻译：zhenve 转载请注明出处
论坛地址：http://www.ltaaa.com/bbs/thread-237245-1-1.html(CNN) -- Recent months have seen a fair number of impressive construction plans announced, from Norway's intention to create the world's first shipping tunnel to Maldives' plans for a space age underwater hotel to Dubai's plans for the world's biggest shopping mall.

(CNN) - 最近几个月宣布了相当多的令人印象深刻的建筑计划：挪威意欲创建世界第一的航运隧道；马尔代夫规划太空时代的水下酒店；迪拜规划世界上最大的购物中心。

How do these announcements stack up against what's already out there?

这些声明怎么能与已经存在的那些较量呢？

We've compiled 25 of what we think are some of the most impressive engineering/construction achievements to date, taking into consideration the era in which they were built and the knowledge and materials that were available to designers.

我们已经汇编了25个我们认为是迄今为止最令人印象深刻的工程/建筑成就，同时考虑到他们所处的时代以及设计师可用的知识和材料。

Many were inspired by the human impulse to travel, and those that weren't can be enjoyed by travelers today.

许多灵感是来自于人类的旅行冲动，和今天的旅行者所不能欣赏的那些东西。

Engineering can, of course, also include electronics and other micro-feats -- arguably computers and smartphones are among the most successful, popular and influential pieces of engineering ever created -- but we're interested here in big, bold and brave.

工程当然也包括电子产品和其它微壮举——电脑和智能手机无疑是有史以来最成功、最流行和最有影响力的工程产品——但我们在此的兴趣点在于宏伟、雄浑和勇敢。

Click through the gallery to see our selection, then let us know if you have additions in the comments section.

请点击画夹看看我们的选择，如果您在评论区有附加评论请让我们知道。

Getting there

动身

The Palm, Dubai, UAE

棕榈滩，阿联酋迪拜

The Palm islands comprise approximately 100 million cubic meters of rock and sand.

棕榈群岛包括大约1亿立方米的岩石和沙子。

In total, 210 million cubic meters of rock, sand and limestone were reclaimed (through dredging) to create the islands, with 10 million cubic meters of rock used in the outer ring alone. The rocks used for both islands were transported from 16 quarries throughout the UAE and the materials used are enough to build a wall that could circle the world three times. Completion date: September 24, 2008.

总共有2.1亿立方米的石头、沙子和石灰岩被再生(通过疏浚)来创建这些岛屿，另有1000万立方米的岩石用于外环。用于两个岛屿的岩石从整个阿联酋的16个采石场运来，所用材料足以筑起绕世界三次的一堵墙。竣工日期：2008年9月24日。

There are several tour operators within Dubai offering boat tours of the Palm.

有几个旅行社在迪拜提供乘船游览棕榈滩的服务。

Aqueduct of Segovia, Segovia, Spain

渡槽，西班牙塞戈维亚

The Aqueduct, one of the Iberian Peninsula's best preserved ancient monuments, features 44 double arches (or 88 when counted individually) and 79 single arches -- a total of 167.

该渡槽是伊比利亚半岛的保存最完好的古代遗迹之一，设有44个双拱(或单独计算时的88个)和79单拱门——一共167个。

It was built during the reign of Roman Emperor Trajan and is still in use today, carrying water from the Frío river to the town of Segovia. The bridge, which consists of 24,000 granite blocks, was constructed without the use of mortar and each of its 167 arches is more than nine meters high. Completion date: AD 50.

它始建于罗马皇帝图拉真在位期间，到今天仍然在使用，从弗里奥河运水至塞戈维亚。这座由24000块花岗岩组成的桥，建造时没有使用灰浆，其167个拱门都高过9米。竣工日期:公元50年。

Segovia is an easy day trip from Madrid and can be reached by both train and bus.

塞戈维亚可以从马德里开始简单的一日游，火车和公共汽车都可以到达。

Great Wall of China, China

中国的长城，中国

The Great Wall of China is 8,850 kilometers long (5,500 miles) and was constructed over a period of 2,000 years. Construction began in 475 BC, to protect China from the invading Huns. During the Ming dynasty, between 1368 and 1644 A.D, it was given a makeover, with the addition of watchtowers, battlements and cannons -- some of which stand 980 meters above sea level. The mortar used to bind the stones of the wall is made from rice flour. Completion date: 204 BC.

中国长城有8850公里(5500英里)长，建于2000年前的一个时期。公元前475年开始建造，以使中国免受匈奴入侵。在1368和1644年之间的明代做了一次改头换面，增设瞭望塔、城垛和大炮——其中一些矗立于海拔980米之上。用于固定石头墙的灰浆由米粉做成。竣工时间:公元前204年。

Beijing International airport is the closest airport to any point of the Great Wall of China -- it's a short taxi ride to the section known as Badaling Great Wall and there are regular bus services.

北京国际机场是距离中国长城任何一点最近的机场——乘坐出租车到长城的八达岭部分路程很短，并有定期班车服务。

Taj Mahal, Agra, India

泰姬陵，印度阿格拉

As many as 28 different varieties of semi-precious and precious stones were used to adorn the exterior of the Taj Mahal.

多达28种不同的珍贵或半珍贵的宝石被用来装饰泰姬陵泰姬陵的外观。

Construction of the Taj Mahal took around 20 years, beginning in around 1632 and finishing around 1653. Exact dates are unknown. The building, which was made from white marble from the quarries of Rajasthan, appears pink in the morning, white in the day and golden in the moonlight. The building is symmetrical in every way, and was built as a memorial to the wife of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. Completion date: 1653.

泰姬陵的建造花了大约20年，大约从1632年开始、至1653年完工。具体日期不详。这个建筑用拉贾斯坦邦采石场的白色大理石建成，早晨是粉红色、白天是白色、月光下是金色。该建筑在各个方面都对称，是莫卧儿皇帝沙贾汗为了纪念妻子而建。竣工日期:1653年。

Regular bus and train services connect New Delhi with Agra.

定期巴士和火车服务连接新德里和阿格拉。

Trans-Siberian Railway, Russia

跨西伯利亚大铁路，俄罗斯

The Trans-Siberian Railroad connects Moscow and Eastern Russia with Japan, China and Mongolia.

跨西伯利亚大铁路连接莫斯科和俄罗斯东部以及日本、中国和蒙古。

Northern Siberia isn't the easiest landscape to cross, which is what makes the 8,851-kilometer (5,500 mile) Trans-Siberian railway so impressive. Engineers had to design a railway that was capable of operating in temperatures of minus 20 degrees Celsius. The railway travels through eight time zones, 87 towns and cities and crosses 16 major rivers, including the Volga, Ob, Yenisey, Oka and Amur. Some 90,000 people helped construct the railway, which took 10 years to build -- pretty impressive considering the tools at workers' disposal were shovels, picks and wheelbarrows. Completion date: 1904.

西伯利亚北部不是要穿越的最容易的风景，确是使得8851公里(5500英里)的跨西伯利亚大铁路如此令人印象深刻的原因。工程师必须设计一个能够在至少零下20摄氏度下运营的铁路。铁路穿越8个时区、87个乡镇和城市，跨越16条主要河流，包括伏尔加河、鄂毕河、叶尼塞河、奥卡河和黑龙江。约有90000人帮助建造铁路，历时10年建成——相当令人印象深刻的是工人的工作工具是铁锹、锄头和手推车。竣工日期:1904年。

The full journey starts in Moscow and ends in Vladivostok, but passengers can join at numerous towns and cities en route.

整个旅程从莫斯科开始、至海参崴结束，但乘客可以在沿途加入众多的城镇和城市。

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, UAE

哈利法塔，阿联酋迪拜

The Burj Khalifa has a height of 828 meters and is both the tallest building in the world and the tallest free-standing structure in the world. Engineers faced multiple challenges, including the strong winds that batter the tower. Because of this, over 40 wind tunnel tests were conducted, not just to determine how the wind would affect the building but also to test the cranes used to construct it. Completion date: January 4, 2010.

哈利法塔有828米高，既是世界上最高的建筑，也是世界上最高的独立结构。工程师面临着多重挑战，其中包括强风袭塔。正因为如此，进行了超过40次的风洞试验，不只是为了确定风会如何影响建筑，还为了测试构造它的起重机。竣工日期：2010年1月4日。

The Burj Khalifa is located in downtown Dubai and is well connected by public transport.

哈利法塔位于迪拜市中心，公共交通工具四通八达。

Akashi Kaikyō Bridge, Akashi Strait, Japan

明石海峡大桥，日本明石海峡

It took 2 million workers 10 years to construct the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge.

200万个工人花了10年时间建这座桥明石海峡。

It connects the city of Kobe, on Japan's mainland, with Iwaya on Awaji Island. Before it opened, the only way to get between the two cities was by ferry. However, the waterway was prone to severe storms and when two ferries capsized in 1955, killing 168 people, public outrage convinced the government of the need for a bridge. It's the longest suspension bridge in the world, with a length of 1,991 meters. Completion date: April 5, 1998.

它连接了日本大陆上的神户市和淡路岛上的岩屋。在开放前，两个城市之间交通的唯一的方式是渡轮。然而，水路容易出现严重的风暴，当两艘渡轮于1955年倾覆造成168人死亡时，公众的愤怒使政府相信需要一座桥。它是全世界最长的吊桥，长度为1991米。竣工日期:1998年4月5日。

The bridge is a short drive from Kobe Airport.

这座桥距离神户机场只有很短的车程。

White Pass and Yukon Route Railroad, Canada

怀特隘口与育空路线铁路，加拿大

Built during the Klondike Gold Rush and financed largely by British investors, the "railroad built on gold" was constructed in just 26 months, using 450 tons of explosives to blast through Canada's coastal mountains. Passengers should hold on tight -- the railroad climbs almost 278 meters in just 32 kilometers and has numerous other steep gradients of up to 4%.

建于克朗代克淘金热期间，主要由英国的投资者出资，这条“黄金上的铁路”仅花了26个月建造，用了450吨炸药炸开通过加拿大的沿海山脉。乘客应该抓紧——铁路仅在32公里内就爬升将近278米，还有许多其它坡度达4%的陡坡。

The railway still uses vintage cars, the oldest dating back to 1881. Completion date: July 29, 1900.

这个铁路仍然使用老式车，最老的可追溯到1881年。竣工日期：1900年7月29日。

Excursions start from Fraser, British Columbia. The nearest airport is in Vancouver.

从不列颠哥伦比亚省弗雷泽开始游览。最近的机场在温哥华。

Tokyo Sky Tree, Tokyo

东京天空树，东京

The Sky Tree's reinforced concrete center column is separate from the surrounding steel framing and incorporates an earthquake-resistant design similar to that used in pagoda temples.

天空树的加固混凝土中心柱独立于周围的钢框架，并采用了类似宝塔寺庙中使用的抗震设计。

Engineers really did reach for the sky when they built the 634-meter Tokyo Sky Tree in earthquake-prone Japan, although given that the company responsible for the design is the same company behind plans for a space elevator, we think the structure will be around for a good few years. It was built on notoriously unstable reclaimed ground, but engineers used a traditional Japanese building technique known as shinbashira, which relies on one central column to counterbalance seismic waves, greatly reducing the sway. Completion date: May 22, 2012.

当他们在地震多发的日本建造634米的东京天空树时，工程师真的碰到了天空。鉴于负责设计的是太空电梯计划背后的同一家公司，我们认为这个结构将好些年都会在那。它是建立在出了名的不稳定的填海地面，但工程师使用了称为“芯柱”的日本传统建筑技术，它依赖于一个中心柱来平衡地震波，大大减少了晃动。竣工日期：2012年5月22日。

From Ueno Station (Tokyo Metro Ginza Line), transfer to the TOBU SKYTREE Line at Asakusa Station -- the Skytree stop is a 14-minute journey.

从上野车站(东京地铁银座线)，换乘到浅草站的东武线——晴空塔站有14分钟的路程。

International Space Station

国际空间站

The International Space Station cost $100 billion to build and involved 100,000 people in 15 nations. It also ranks as one of the more unusual construction sites, located 354 kilometers (220 miles) above Earth. The hazards faced by those carrying out maintenance go far beyond a falling hammer or nail gun injury -- one tiny rip in a protective spacesuit means instant death. Completion date: Ongoing.

国际空间站耗资1000亿美元打造，涉及15个国家的100000人。它也被列为不同寻常的建造场所——位于地球上空354公里(220英里)。进行维修保护面临的风险远超落锤或钉枪伤害——防护宇航服上的一个微小的裂口意味着当场死亡。竣工日期:正在进行。

Astronaut qualifications and a rocket.

宇航员资格和火箭。

Teotihuacan, Mexico

特奥蒂瓦坎，墨西哥

Teotihuacan is an Aztec name meaning "the place where men become Gods."

特奥蒂瓦坎是个阿兹特克名字，意思是“男人成为神的地方。”

It was the largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. The most famous structure is the Pyramid of the Sun, which was built in two phases. The second phase took its height to 224 meters, making it the third-tallest pyramid in the world. The entire city originally covered around 20 square kilometers (eight square miles) and was home to 2,200 structures, built with stone and lime plaster. Completion date: 100 BC.

这是哥伦布时期之前美洲最大的城市。最有名的结构是太阳金字塔，分两期建成。第二阶段224米的高度使其成为世界上第三高的金字塔。整个城市最初覆盖约20万平方公里(8平方英里)面积，包含2200个建筑结构，用石头和石灰石膏构成。竣工时间:公元前100年。

Regular buses run to Teotihuacan from Mexico City.

定期班车从墨西哥城开往特奥蒂瓦坎。

Panama Canal, Panama

巴拿马运河，巴拿马

More than 4.5 million cubic yards of concrete were used in the construction of this canal's locks and dams.

这条运河的船闸和大坝建设使用了超过450万立方码的混凝土。

The Panama Canal is a 77-kilometer (47-mile) long waterway that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The earth and rubble excavated to make way for it was enough to bury Manhattan to a depth of four meters. A series of locks allows ships to pass through the water; each of the moveable lock doors weighs 750 tons and each of the locks fills with 52 million gallons of water to accommodate the 15,000 ships that use the canal every year. Completion date: January 7, 1914.

巴拿马运河是连接大西洋和太平洋的一条77公里(47英里)长的水路。为了清道，挖掘出来的泥土和瓦砾足以将曼哈顿埋四米深。一系列的船闸让船舶通过水道，每个可移动的船闸门重达750吨，每个船闸充满5200万加仑的水来容纳每年通过这条运河的15000艘船只。竣工日期：1914年1月7日。

The Panama Canal is best explored by organized boat tour. Panama City's Tocumen International Airport is the nearest airport.

巴拿马运河最好用有组织的船舶来游览。巴拿马城托库门国际机场是最近的机场。

Taipei 101, Taipei, Taiwan

台北101大楼，台湾

Fast fact: Taipei 101 was the first building in the world to break through 500 meters.

小事实：台北101是世界上第一座突破500米的建筑。

Upon its completion, the tower claimed several records: it had the world's fastest elevator, was the world's tallest building and was the world's tallest structure, thanks to its spire. Eight "mega-columns" make the building especially earthquake resistant. Completion date: December 31, 2004.

建成后，这个塔自称了几个记录：它有世界上最快的电梯，是世界上最高的建筑，是世界上最高的结构，这得归功于其尖顶。八个“巨型柱”使建筑特别是抗震。竣工日期:2004年12月31日。

Take the Taipei MRT-Bannan Line to MRT Taipei City Hall Station. From there, walk toward Xinyi Road from exit number two to Taipei 101.

从台北捷运板南线至捷运市府站。从那里沿着信义路从出口2转到台北101。

Grand Canyon Skywalk, Arizona

大峡谷人行天桥，亚利桑那州

The Skywalk's foundation is strong enough to support 71 million pounds -- the equivalent of 71 fully loaded 747 airplanes.

人行天桥的基础是强大到足以支持71000000磅——相当于71架满载的747飞机。

Located 1,219 meters above the Colorado River, the Grand Canyon's Sky Walk consists of one million pounds of steel and 83,000 pounds of glass. It was the creation of Las Vegas businessman David Jin, who approached the Hualapai Tribe with the idea of a glass walkway over the Grand Canyon in 1996. The Skywalk was assembled on site, with the drilling alone taking over a year to complete. Completion date: March 28, 2007.

位于科罗拉多河1219米以上，大峡谷的人行天桥由一百万磅的钢材和83000磅的玻璃构成。这是拉斯维加斯商人大卫·金的创造，他于1996年带着在大峡谷上建玻璃天桥的想法走进华拉派部落。人行天桥在现场组装，光钻孔就用了一年多才完成。竣工日期：2007年3月28日。

The nearest airports are Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport or the Las Vegas Airport. It takes around two hours to drive to the Skywalk from Las Vegas, but organized tours from the city are also available.

距离最近的机场是凤凰城天港机场或者拉斯维加斯机场。需要大约两个小时的车程从拉斯维加斯到人行天桥，也可参加城市里有组织的旅行团。

Shanghai World Financial Center, Shanghai

上海环球金融中心，上海

The trapezoid-shaped opening near the top of the Shanghai World Financial Center reduces wind pressure on this 101-story-building.

上海环球金融中心顶部附近的梯形开口减少了这座101层建筑的风压。

When it was completed in 2008, the Shanghai World Financial Center became the second-tallest building in the world and the tallest building in mainland China, with a total height of 492 meters. Its most distinctive feature is its trapezoid, which is designed to reduce wind pressure and has earned the building the nickname "bottle opener." Visitors to the observation deck can purchase bottle openers in the shape of the building. Completion date: July 17, 2008.

2008年完成时，上海环球金融中心成为世界上第二高的建筑和中国大陆最高的建筑，总高度为492米。其最鲜明的特点是它的梯形，旨在减少风压，并为这个建筑物赢得了“开瓶器”的绰号。去观景台的游客可以购买大厦形状的开瓶器。

The building is a 20-minute walk from Dongchang Road Pier. The nearest subway station is Lujiazui Station.

从东昌路码头到这个建筑需要20分钟的步行。最近的地铁站是陆家嘴站。

Millau Viaduct, Millau, France

米洛高架桥，法国米洛

The Millau Viaduct has the highest road bridge deck in Europe -- it sits 270 meters (890 feet) above the Tarn river at its highest point.

米洛高架桥有欧洲最高的公路桥面——其最高点距塔恩河270米(890英尺)高。

The Millau Viaduct is the world's tallest bridge, with a total height of 343 meters (886 ft), making it taller than the Eiffel Tower. The viaduct, which crosses the valley of the river Tarn, was created to ease traffic on the route between Paris and Spain. It cost EUR320 million ($412 million dollars) but offers good value for money, with a lifespan of 120 years. Completion date: December 16, 2004.

米洛高架桥是世界上最高的桥，总高度343米(886英尺)，这使得它比埃菲尔铁塔还高。建造横跨塔恩河谷的这座高架桥，旨在纾缓巴黎和西班牙之间的交通。它花了3.2亿欧元(4.12亿美元)，但物有所值，具有120年的寿命。竣工日期：2004年12月16日。

The nearest train station is in the town of Millau, which is well connected to cities and towns throughout France. The closest airport is Rodez-Marcillac -- a 25-minute drive away.

最近的火车站在米洛镇，联通到法国各地的城市和乡镇。最近的机场是罗德兹-马西亚克，相距25分钟车程。

London Underground, London

伦敦地铁，伦敦

Aldgate Station, on the Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan Lines, is built on a huge plague pit, where more than 1,000 bodies were buried.

圆圈上的阿德盖特站、哈默史密斯及城市和大都会线建在一个巨大的瘟疫坑上，其中掩埋了超过1000具尸体。

The London Underground celebrated its 150th birthday this year. The entire network has a length of 402 kilometers (249 miles) and more than 1 billion journeys are made every year. When it opened in 1863, it was the world's first underground railway and the trains, which traveled between Paddington and Farringdon, were gas-lit wooden carriages pulled by steam locomotives. Completion date: January 10, 1863.

伦敦地铁今年庆祝其150岁生日。整个网络长度为402公里(249英里)，每年超过1亿人次的旅程。1863年开放时，它是世界上第一条地下铁路和火车，带煤气灯的蒸汽机车拉着木车穿行于帕丁顿和法灵顿之间。竣工日期:1863年1月10日。

London's Heathrow Airport is connected to the London underground.

伦敦的希思罗机场连接到伦敦地铁。

Kansai Airport, Osaka, Japan

关西机场，日本大阪

Kansai International Airport was the first airport to be built on an artificial island.

关西国际机场是建在人工岛上的第一个机场。

Osaka is one of Japan's most crowded cities, so when a new airport was called for, engineers came up with a novel solution -- a man-made island. Construction of the island, which measures four kilometers (2.5 miles) by 2.5 kilometers (1.6 miles) took three years. Some 10,000 workers and 80 ships were used to excavate 21 million cubic meters of landfill and the island's construction became the world's most expensive civil engineering project, with a total cost of $20 billion. Completion date: 1994.

大阪是日本的最拥挤的城市之一，因此呼吁建一座新机场时，工程师们想出了一个新颖的解决方案——一个人工岛。建设这个4公里(2.5英里)×2.5公里(1.6英里)的岛屿历时三年。大约10000名工人和80艘船只被用来挖掘2100万立方米的垃圾填埋场，这个岛屿的建设成为世界上最昂贵的民用工程项目，总成本为200亿美元。竣工日期:1994。

Kansai International Airport is connected to most of the major international hubs. Osaka is two hours from Tokyo on the Shinkansen bullet trains.

关西国际机场连接到大部分的主要国际枢纽。乘新干线子弹头列车从东京到大阪需要两个小时。

Hoover Dam, Arizona/Nevada

胡佛大坝，亚利桑那州/内华达州

Dam workers wore "hard hats" made by coating cloth hats with coal tar. These proved to be such an effective way to protect the workers' heads that the contractor, Six Companies, ordered commercially made hard hats of the same design.

大坝工人戴着由煤焦油涂层布制成的“安全帽”。这被证明是一种保护工人的头的有效方式，以致六家承包商责令商业制作同样的“安全帽”。

The Hoover dam rises 221 meters above the Colorado River and resulted in the creation of Lake Mead, which is the largest man-made lake in the Western Hemisphere and feeds Las Vegas and neighboring towns. The dam is 210 meters thick at its base and 13 meters thick at its highest point. It's a gravity dam, which means that its foundations rely on gravity to keep the structure from collapsing. Completion date: March 1, 1936.

胡佛大坝将科罗拉多河抬升221米，创造出的米德湖是西半球最大的人造湖，供养了拉斯维加斯和邻近的城镇。大坝的基础部有210米厚，最高点则为13米厚。这是一个重力坝，这意味着它的基础依靠重力使结构免于倒塌。竣工日期：1936年3月1日。

The nearest airport is in Las Vegas, 32 miles away.

最近的机场在拉斯维加斯，32英里远。

Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt

吉萨大金字塔，埃及

The Great Pyramid was the tallest man-made structure in the world for more than 3,800 years. The builders responsible for the Great Pyramid of Giza would have needed more than a few tea breaks to keep them motivated. The pyramid consists of 2.3 million stone blocks. The largest ones, found in the King's chamber, weigh between 25 and 80 tons and were transported to the site from Aswan, 800 kilometers away. In total, 5.5 million tons of limestone, 8,000 tons of granite and 500,000 tons of mortar were used. Experts have never worked out how the individual blocks were moved into place. Completion date: 2504 BC.

大金字塔是3800年以来世界上最高的人造结构。负责吉萨大金字塔的建设者需要几个茶歇才能让他们保持积极性。金字塔由230万块石头组成。最大的一些在国王的墓室中发现，重量在25吨和80吨之间，从800公里外的阿斯旺运到现场。总共使用了550万吨的石灰石、8000吨的花岗岩和50万吨的砂浆。专家们从来没有弄明白每一块石头是如何运到那地方的。竣工时间:公元前2504年。

There are regular bus services from the center of Cairo and it's also just a short taxi ride.

有从开罗市中心发出的班车服务，也有短途出租车搭乘。

Golden Gate Bridge, San Francisco

金门大桥，旧金山

Each of the bridge's two main cables is made of 27,572 strands of wire. Often referred to as "the bridge that couldn't be built," the Golden Gate Bridge crosses the stretch of water nicknamed "the Golden Gate" by gold prospectors heading to the Californian hills. Prior to 1937, San Francisco was America's largest city but its growth rate was slow compared to others, due to the lack of a link with other communities around the bay. The size of the strait (2,042 meters wide) combined with strong winds and regular earthquakes led many construction experts to say a bridge couldn't be built. The solution? Huge amounts of concrete, 128,747 kilometers (80,000 miles) of wire housed inside two cables, 600,000 rivets and a whole lot of hard work. Completion date: May 27, 1937.

两根主线缆都由27572股线组成。通常被称为“不能建成的桥梁”，金门大桥横跨被前往加州丘陵的淘金者称为“金门”的水道。1937年之前，旧金山是美国最大的城市，但由于缺乏与湾区的其它社区缺乏联系，其增长速度比别人慢。海峡的大小(2042米宽)加上强风和定期地震导致许多建筑专家说无法造桥。该如何解决？大量的混凝土、集中于两根线缆内的128747公里(80000英里)的线、600000个铆钉和大量艰苦的工作。竣工日期:1937年5月27日。

Regular buses run to the bridge from downtown San Francisco, Marin County and Sonoma County.

有从旧金山市中心、马林县和索诺玛县开往大桥的班车。

Eiffel Tower, Paris

埃菲尔铁塔，巴黎

Temperature alters the height of the Eiffel Tower by up to 6 inches (15 centimeters) over the year.The Eiffel Tower weighs 13,200 tons and was the first building to surpass the height of the Great Pyramid of Giza. It remained the world's tallest building until 1929, when New York's Chrysler Building took the top spot. Gustave Eiffel's initial building plans and calculations were so precise that no revisions had to be made during the construction process. Completion date: March 31, 1889.

温度在过去一年改变了埃菲尔铁塔的高度达6英寸(15厘米)。埃菲尔铁塔重13200吨，是高度超过吉萨大金字塔的第一个建筑。它保持世界上最高的建筑，直到1929年纽约克莱斯勒大厦夺走头把交椅。古斯塔夫·埃菲尔的初始建设计划和计算是如此的精确，以致在施工过程中不必作出任何修改。竣工日期：1889年3月31日。

The closest Paris Metro station to the Eiffel Tower is Champ de Mars.

到埃菲尔铁塔的最近的巴黎地铁站是战神广场车站。

Confederation Bridge, Prince Edward Island, Canada

联邦大桥，加拿大爱德华王子岛

The bridge's curve is designed to help drivers stay alert. Before construction of Confederation Bridge, the only way to reach Prince Edward Island from Canada's mainland was by ferry or airplane. The wind, waves and snow that batter the bridge, which links Canada's smallest province with New Brunswick, forced engineers to come up with a concrete mix that was 60% stronger than most. A purpose-built floating crane, the Svanen, was used to maneuver the individual sections (which included 65 reinforced concrete piers) into place. Completion date: May 31, 1997.

这座桥的曲线设计旨在帮助司机保持警觉。联邦大桥施工之前，仅有的能从加拿大大陆到达爱德华王子岛的方式是乘渡轮或飞机。由于风、海浪和雪轰击联通加拿大最小的省份和新不伦瑞克省的桥梁，迫使工程师们提出一个比大多数强60%的混凝土配比。特制的起重船天鹅号用于操纵个别区块(其中包括65个混凝土桥墩)就位。竣工日期：1997年5月31日。

Travel to Prince Edward Island by ferry from New Brunswick. Charlottetown Airport is the island's largest airport.

从新不伦瑞克乘渡轮前往爱德华王子岛旅游。夏洛特机场是岛上最大的机场。

Colosseum, Rome

罗马斗兽场，罗马

The Colosseum could accommodate 50,000 spectators. It's the largest amphitheater built by the Roman empire. It's estimated that the outer wall, which is 189 meters long and 156 meters wide, was originally built using 100,000 cubic meters of travertine stone. Some of this stone was later used in the construction of St Peter's Basilica and other nearby monuments. Completion date: 80 AD.

斗兽场能容纳50000名观众。这是罗马帝国所建造的最大的圆形剧场。据估计，189米长、156米宽的外墙最初建造时使用了10万立方米的钙华石材。其中一些石头后来被用于建造圣彼得大教堂和附近的其他纪念碑。竣工日期:公元80年。

There are regular buses to the site, and it's also possible to get there by tram -- look for the "Colosseo" stop.

有定期班车到达现场，也可以乘电车到那——找找“斗兽场”车站。

CN Tower, Toronto, Canada

CN塔(国家电视塔)，加拿大多伦多

The CN Tower was built to withstand an earthquake of 8.5 on the Richter scale. It was the world's tallest building when it was completed in 1976 and designed to withstand winds of up to 418 kph (260 mph). But strong winds and earthquakes are not the only factors the building has to contend with -- on average, lightning strikes the tower 75 times every year. Long copper strips, which run down the side of the building and are attached to grounding rods buried below ground, protect the structure from damage. Completion date: October 1, 1976.

CN塔始建时能承受里氏规模8.5地震。1976年建成时，它是世界上最高的建筑，设计为抵御速度高达每小时418公里(260英里)的风。但强风和地震并不是这个建筑必须抗衡的仅有因素——每年平均75次的雷击。沿着建筑一边铺下的长铜条连接到埋入地面下的接地棒，用以保护结构不受损伤。竣工日期：1976年10月1日。

The CN Tower is in the heart of downtown Toronto. There are regular buses to Bremner Boulevard, where the tower is located.

CN塔在多伦多市中心。有定期班车到达CN塔所在的布雷姆纳大道。

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