1 The History of Orks
Orks first appeared in the Rogue Trader rulebook and the Space Orks boxed set, containing thirty plastic miniatures. These Orks were squat, powerfully muscled humanoids, wielding crude ballistic weaponry (usually blackpowder or other explosive projectile-based equivalant) and large 'stikbomz' or stick grenades; along with their helmets and other paraphernalia, these are apparently modelled on German equipment from WWI.

半兽人首次出现Rogue Trader规则书（Rogue Trader rulebook）中和太空半兽人（Space Orks boxed set）套装中，包括30个塑料微缩模型。这些Oks呈蹲伏状，拥有强壮肌肉的类人形生物，挥舞着做工拙劣的射弹武器（通常是基于发射黑火药或者其他类似的爆炸物）和大个的“棍子炸弹”或者说棒状手雷；他们还带着头盔和其他的装备，这些装备明显是以第一次世界大战中的德国兵为原型的。

Additional rules, cultural details, and painting guidelines were given in the later expansions Waagh Da Orks and 'Ere We Go!. An explanation for the combination of brutal stupidity with relatively high technology was now found: Orks had been created, in times long past, as a warrior race by the long-vanished Brain Boyz. (This theme recurs in recent editions, the Orks having been created to fight the Necrons in the war that shattered the galactic civilization that existed prior to the rise of the Eldar.)
其他的规则，文化背景细节，和涂装指南见于后来的扩充资料《Waagh Da Orks》和《‘Ere We Go！》。现在有了一个对于这个混合了残忍、粗鲁和比较高的技术水平的种族的解释：已经销声匿迹良久的Brain Boyz在很久很久之前创造出了战士的种族半兽人。（这一主题在最近的版本中再次出现，在那场粉碎银河文明的战争中，半兽人是为了同Necrons作战才被创造出来的，那场战争甚至比Eldar的出现还要早）。
Orks are thus genetically engineered to be muscular, aggressive, and none too bright; their technology is maintained by a caste of Oddboyz who have genetic dispositions to do well at such tasks. Indeed, the Brain Boyz were apparently able to encode information on how to build simple machinery in the genetic strands of Orks; thus Mekboyz require very little training in their function, since they understand mechanical principles at an instinctive level.
因此，通过基因改造，半兽人体格强健，骁勇好斗，而且不是很聪明；他们的技术由Oddboyz（Orks的一支，类似于Tau的种姓）传承，Oddboyz非常善于进行技术研究，这一点写在了他们的基因里。事实上，BrainBoyz明显能够将制造简单机械的方法作为基因信息编入Orks的基因序列中；所以Mekboyz几乎不需要任何训练就能生产机械，因为理解机械的原理是他们的本能。

Other castes include Mad Doks (or Painboyz) who heal Orks (if they're lucky...) wounded in battle and Slaverz (or Runtherdz) who direct the efforts of the Gretchin.
其他的种姓包括Mad Doks （又称Painboyz Slaverz），治疗受伤的Orks（如果他们幸运的话…）和Slaverz（又称Runtherdz），他们带领小鬼头（Gretchin）工作

Waagh da Orks also informs us of the existence of more specialised castes such as Diggaboyz and Brewerz; however, as the game became more combat-oriented, these were dropped. Even Waagh da Orks gives no information on them other than their bare existence; it may be assumed that when the Orks go to war, these castes fight as ordinary, shoota-armed Boyz.
《Waagh da Orks》还告诉了我们更专业的种姓的存在：Diggaboyz和Brewerz；然而，当游戏变得更加以战斗为导向的时候，这些都被忽视了。即使是《Waagh da Orks》也是仅仅指出他们的存在而没有其他任何信息；或许我们可以推测，当Orks开战的时候，这些种姓也会作为一般的Boyz手持Shoota加入战斗。

注释：
Rogue Trader rulebook ：
The first rule book for the Warhammer 40,000 game, Rogue Trader was published in 1987 and writtern by Rick Priestly, and was quite different to future versions of the game. Largely a cross between Role Playing Games and Table Top Battle Games, rather than an out and out Table Top Battle Game, Rogue Trader contained much more background on the wider universe, races and technology found in the Warhammer 40k universe than later editions did, and for this reason is considered a prized collectors piece.
The book is considered much less imperio-centric than later editions, as it employed a much broader spectrum of veiws within the narration than was common in future versions and proactively encouraged mixed faction forces.

Rogue Trader（流浪商人）规则书：
战锤40000游戏的首本规则书，出版于1987年，由Rick Priestly编写，和后来的版本有很大不同。这本书很大程度上是角色扮演游戏（RPG）和桌面战争游戏（Table Top Battle Games）的交叉，而不是彻头彻尾的桌面战争游戏规则规则书。比起后来的版本，Rogue Trader规则书包括了更多的关于战锤40k的世界设定、种族和技术的背景资料，所以被奉为收藏家的珍品。
这本书远没有像后来的版本一样以帝国为中心，因为它以比后来版本更宽广的视角描述了一个战锤的世界，而且最先引入了混编作战的概念。
Brain Boyz: 来历不明，无资料。

Oddboyz are the Ork specialists who are born with the genetic information needed to build big guns, vehicles or perform surgery. These include:
Mad Doks ，Herdas ，Mekboyz ，Pigdoks ，Slavers ，Wyrdboyz
Each of these specialists often have their own special rules and are armed with fantastic weaponry that no other Orks carry. Other Oddboyz are Sumboyz, Yellerz, Diggaboyz and Brewboyz, all of which having an important role in Ork Kultur (although not on the battlefield).
Oddboyz是Ork的专家，生来就具有制造枪支，车辆和进行外科手术必备的基因信息。他们包括：
Mad Doks ，Herdas ，Mekboyz ，
Pigdoks ，Slavers ，Wyrdboyz
这些专家一般都有自己的特殊规则，装备有独一无二的奇特武器。其他的Oddboyz是Sumboyz, Yellerz, Diggaboyz和Brewboyz。他们都在Ork Kultur（Ork的社会？文化？）里面起着重要的作用。（尽管不是在战场上）

2 Later Versions

游戏规则书的发展变化，不翻译了

Physiology

Orks的生存哲学
Orks are green-skinned and green-blooded, a side effect of their symbiotic relationship with fungi (explained in more detail below). Orks are genetically engineered for combat, and quite efficiently so. They are extremely strong and their squat bodies can stand immense punishment. This is fortunate since the Painboyz operate on a generally nineteenth century level of surgical knowledge; unlike humans, though, Orks are quite capable of being beheaded, having the head sewn onto a different body, and surviving the experience to fight again.

Orks拥有绿色的皮肤和绿色的血液——他们和真菌共生的一个副作用（下文详细描述）。Orks是专为战斗而通过基因工程创造出来的，事实如此，他们极其强壮，而且他们蹲伏的身躯可以抵御大量的伤害。这也要归功于Painboyz以19世纪外科手术技术的治疗。不像人类，Orks完全不怕被砍头，因为他们的头可以长在另一个身体上，如果活下来的话就可以继续战斗。
They eat fungi of all kinds as well as meat. A particularly favoured ingredient in their diet are Squigs, short for 'Squiggly beasts' - a variety of symbiotic races about the size of a cat but legless. These include the 'Eatin Squig', a limbless blob which feeds on fungus, the 'Growler Squig', a legged variety used as a sheepdog for Gretchin (in third and fourth editions referred to as a 'Squighound' and available as an item of wargear), the 'Attack Squig' a powerfully voracious little beast available as an item of wargear, and the 'Face-eater Squig', a ferociously toothed variety used both as a weapon and for entries in face-eating contests (The Ork and the Squig both open their mouths and bite, in a parody of a kiss. If the Ork eats the Squig, he wins. If he keels over backwards, he loses.). There is also a larger sub-species of squig, called a Squiggoth that ranges in size from about that of an elephant to a 60-plus-foot monstrosity capable of stomping buildings into rubble. Squiggoths are used as pack animals and in combat as the carriers of mobile fortresses. And even larger form of Squiggoth exist, known as an Orkeosaurus, although so far this unit is only available in Epic Armageddon.

他们吃所有种类的真菌，也吃肉。Ork食谱上的头号美食就是史古格，“史古格兽”的简称——一种共生生物，猫般大小，但是没有腿。
史古格包括
“食用史古格”，一种无肢软体生物，以真菌为食；
“嗥叫史古格”，长有腿，用作看守小鬼头的“牧羊犬”（在第三版和第四版规则书中成为“史古格猎犬”，作为战争装甲的一个部件）；
“攻击史古格”，一种贪吃的小型野兽，作为战争装甲的一个强力部件；
“吃脸史古格”，性情凶残，有牙齿，同时作为武器和“吃脸比赛”的选手。（Ork和史古格都张开嘴对咬，貌似对接吻的拙劣模仿。如果Ork吃掉了史古格，他就胜利。如果他向后倒下，就失败。）
还有一个史古格亚种，就是史古格巨兽。大小处于一头大象的尺码到60多英尺之间。可以把建筑物践踏成渣。史古格巨兽被用作运输工具，在战斗中作为移动堡垒的承载者。
比起巨兽，甚至还有一重更大的史古格生物，被称作Orkeosaurus，目前仅仅在哈米吉多顿史诗中可用。（Epic Armageddon是什么？）
Orks grow all through their lives; the effect is particularly notable in successful Orks. As the Ork survives combats and wins trophies, the respect of other Orks will produce in him an effect somewhat similar to adolescence in the human male: He puts on muscle, becomes more aggressive and assertive, and generally throws his weight around. If he wins the ensuing challenges to single combat, he may become a Nob, a leader of Orks, noticeably larger and tougher than average. Once he begins to grow, an Ork will generally keep getting bigger and stronger until he is beaten by a bigger or more cunning Ork. Warbosses and Warlords, the rulers of continents and empires, are very large Orks indeed.
Orks一辈子都在生长；这一影响在成功的Orks身上体现尤甚。当此Ork从战斗中幸存后并应取了战利品之后，其他Ork对他的尊敬会产生在他体内产生一种类似于男性青春期的影响：它会有更多的肌肉，变得更富攻击性，更独断专行，四处招摇。如果他赢得了独斗的胜利，他可能会变成一个老大，Orks的首领，比一般的ork更大，更猛。一旦他开始成长，直到被一个更大或者更狡诈的Ork打败之前他都会一直增大变强。大王和军阀（大陆和帝国的统治者），确实是非常大的Orks。

注释：
Nobz, (Short for nobles but pronounced 'Knobs'), are the larger Ork boyz who are still smaller then the Warboss. They usually get the best pick of the weapons and armor. Nobs are usually found barking orders to mobs of boyz, but its not uncommon to find them in elite squads of their own.
老大，是大个的Ork小子，但仍然比大王小一号。他们经常得到最精良的武器和护甲。老大经常冲小子们喉出命令，但也能发现他们服役于老大精英小队。
The Warboss is the biggest, nastiest and toughest Ork in the warband. He is the leader of the force and is the one to give the orders. He keeps the Orks in line through his domineering personality.
Warbands only ever have one Warboss, as any more would lead to combat for control of the army, however this often happens anyway. He has access to the best materials and is often given a heavy bodyguard of Nobz and sometimes a Mekboy, Mad Dok or even a transport Wartrukk.
In Kult of Speed armies, he is often mounted on a bike, adding manouverable to his list of capabilities.
He is the least likely to run from the ranks, as if he does, other Orks will follow him, destroying the assault. He is often targetted by the strongest of other armies due to his obvious position and high strength and toughness.
大王是一个战团中最大、最恶劣也是最猛的Ork。他是军队的领袖，也是发号施令的人。他通过自己蛮横的人品使Orks协调有序。
一个战团只有一个大王，再有一个都会引发军队控制权的争斗，不过这种事情经常发生。他有权使用最好的装备，而且经常有强大的保镖，通常是老大，有时候会是Mekboy，疯狂医生或者甚至一辆铁皮卡车。
在Kult of Speed军队中，他经常骑着一辆摩托车，（后半句不认识）

他最不可能从前线逃跑，如果他这么做其他的Orks会跟他一起逃跑，然后进攻就失败了。由于他显而异见的地位和无比的力量与勇猛，经常被其他军队的最强者视为目标

Brazen的兽人单位翻译：
注：这只是Codex里的货色，不包括Forge World推出的兽人装备
HQ
Ork Warboss 打仗老大，也有译为酋长的，窃以为不合适，绿皮的Clanz是指“氏族”，是崇拜同一图腾的意思，和以酋长为核心以血亲为纽带的“部落”概念并不一样。
Nobz 头头
Mad Dok 疯医，本来没有屠夫的意思，就不译成“疯医屠夫”了。
Big Mek 技无霸……吃麦当劳Big Mac（巨无霸）有感而译……
Mekboyz 技术小子，这样听起来比“技工小子”更绿皮一些？
Painboss 剧痛老大，译成“狂痛怪医”新手很容易和Mad Dok搞混。
Cybork 改造小子
Trukk 战斗卡车

Elites
Stormboyz 暴风小子
Kommandos 特种小子
Flash Gitz 放枪杂碎，Flash指的应该是枪口的火光，被称为Gitz恐怕是因为兽人崇尚近战，只会躲在后面放枪的家伙自然受歧视。
‘Ard Boyz 硬壳小子，‘Ard 就是Hard，兽人语里没有H，我猜是因为他们的下颚构造发不出这个音。
Skarboyz 疤皮小子

Troop
Slugga Boyz 短铳小子，感觉不太好，有更好的翻译么？
Shoota Boyz 突突小子，用了个象声词，这样听起来比“长枪小子”、“远射小子”更土一点，兽人语里名词词尾的a一般是替换er的，Slugga和Shoota本来应该是Slugger和Shooter。
Stikk Bommas 棒弹小子，“棍子炸弹”太拗口，“长柄手榴弹”太专业，所以译成这个了。
Tankbustas 坦爆小子
Burna Boyz 烘烘小子，又用了个象声词，“炽焰小子”听起来太帅了，土化之……
Gretchin Mobz 屁精帮，“屁精”是盗用了战锤中文网废柴大人的翻译。

Fast Attack
Warbuggies/Wartraks 战斗越野车/战斗拖拉机，Trak可能只是指履带，但是从设定上看兽人经常用Wartrak充当各种牵引车，翻成拖拉机也可以罢，何况另外游戏里Trukk和Trak都是履带式的（不知是不是下一版锤子棋的造型）。
Trukk Boyz 飞车小子
Warbike Squadron 战斗摩托组

Heavy Support
Lobba 大炸炮，晚清军事资料里把西方引进的臼炮翻译成“短祚炮”或“短炸炮”，从Lobba的发射原理看，也是臼炮。
Zzap Gun 吱吱炮，这不是枪，Gun在这里是直射炮的意思。
Kannon 加农炮，兽人语里的C大都用K替换。
Lootas 拾荒队
Battlewagon 战斗大车
Ork Dreadnought 绿皮无畏，兽人怎么会想得出Dreadnought这么“文明”的词呢？
Killer Kan 屠宰罐

装备部分也完了，贴上来
单手武器

Choppa 砍刀（板刀听起来是不是更好？）
Power Claw 大力钳
Slugga 短铳
'Urty Syringe 大针管

双手武器

Big Shoota 大号突突枪
Burna 烘烘枪
Grabba Stik 抓屁精棒……
Kustom Force Field 优质力场（技术小子们肯定也开发过劣质力场，只不过用过的都挂了……）
Mega-Blasta 超热爆枪（不知道为什么台湾版译成“超级爆炮”，其实是枪不是炮）
Rokkit launcha 火箭筒
Shoota 突突枪
'Uge Choppa 大大砍刀

单兵装备

Ammo Runt 供弹小鬼
Attack Squig 咬人跳跳（Squig大概是Squib的兽人语白字，所以还是叫跳跳，不过“恶菌”也不错）
Big Horns/Iron Gob 大角/铁下巴
Bionik Arm 假手
Bionik Bonce 假脑壳
Bosspole 老大旗杆
Cybork Body 改造身体
Dok's Tools 庸医药箱（搞不好就治死人，名符其实）
'Eavy Armour 重甲（'Eavy=Heavy）
Frag Stikkbomz 破片棒弹
Krak Stikkbomz 穿甲棒弹
Grot Orderly 屁精护理
Grot Oiler 屁精杂工
More Dakka 武器改造：枪更猛！
More Shootier 武器改造：弹更劲！
Blasta 武器改造：热爆弹
Mega Armour 超级甲（老大Boss和头头Nobz才配穿的东西，穿了超级甲的Nobz就是Mega Armour Nobz了，不算独立兵种，但却有独立发售的模型）
Mega Boosta 超级加速器
Mekboy's Tools 技术小子工具
Squighound 牧跳跳（就是放牧其它跳跳的跳跳……，既然把Sheephound翻译成牧羊犬，也就照此办理）
Super Stikkbombz 超级棒弹
Stikkbomb Chukka 掷棒弹器
Tankbusta Bomz 坦爆弹
Waaagh！Banner 战力旗（不喜欢把Waaagh译成“吼吼”，感觉很奇怪）

车辆升级装备

Armour Plates 装甲板
Big Grabber 大抓斗
Boarding Plank 跳帮板
Grot Rigger 屁精抢修
Bolt-on Big Shoota 固定大号突突枪
Red Paint job 涂红漆（兽人迷信涂成红色的车比别的跑得快，结果涂成红色的车真的比别的跑得快！）
Reinforced Ram 结实撞角
Skorcha 烧烧炮（车载的火焰喷射器）
Searchlight 探照灯
Spikes'n Blades 车边刺刀
Stikkbomb Chucka 掷棒弹器
Turbo Boosta 强压加速器
Wrecker Ball 拆毁球（市政动迁时对付钉子户的利器……）

战锤40K介绍之兽人