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When Carl J. Burckhardt became High Commissioner in February 1937, both Poles and Germans openly welcomed his withdrawal, and Polish

Minister of Foreign Affairs Józef Beck notified him not to "count on the support of the Polish State" in the case of difficulties with the Senate or

the Nazi Party. While the Senate appeared to respect the agreements with Poland, the "Nazification of Danzig proceeded relentlessly" and

Danzig became a springboard for anti-Polish propaganda among the German and Ukrainian minority in Poland.

卡尔·雅各·布尔克哈特在1937年2月就任但泽自由市的高级长官之后，波兰和德国却公开欢迎他下台，波兰外长约瑟夫·贝克告诉他，如果与但泽议会或纳粹党出现冲突，“不要指望波兰的支持”。而但泽议会表面上尊重与波兰的协议，现实中“但泽的纳粹化却毫无停止的迹象”，但泽成为对波兰境内德国人和乌克兰少数民族的反波宣传跳板。

The participation of Moroccan regulars and Italian tanks from the recently arrived Corpo Truppe Volontarie resulted in a complete rout of the Spanish Republican Army and the capitulation of Málaga in less than a week.

摩洛哥正规军和Corpo Truppe Volontarie的意大利坦克抵达战场，不到一周就将西班牙共和军彻底赶出了马拉加，占领了这座城市。

The Battle of Jarama (February 6–27, 1937) was an attempt by General Francisco Franco's Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, just east of Madrid, during the Spanish Civil War. Elite Spanish Legionnaires and Moroccan Regulares from the Army of Africa forced back the Republican Army of the Centre, including the International Brigades, but after days of fierce fighting no breakthrough was achieved. Republican counterattacks along the captured ground likewise failed, resulting in heavy casualties to both sides.

拉马哈河战役（1937年2月6日-27日），是弗朗哥手下的国民军试图将共和军从其在马德里东拉马哈河防线逐出的一次战役。精锐的西班牙军团和非洲军下的摩洛哥正规军逐退了国际旅等中央共和军，但在数日激烈战斗中，没有实现突破。共和军反攻也失败了，双方伤亡惨重。

The offensives of Nationalists to Madrid from northeast and south were succesfully repulsed and Italian expeditionary force were stopped in the battle of Guadalajara. Thus Franco had to shift its focus on the isolated Republicans in the north. The Spanish Civil War campaigns known as the War in the North and Biscay Campaign began in 31st, March.

国民军从东北方和南方向马德里的攻势被成功遏止了。意大利远征军在瓜达拉哈拉战役中也未能前进。因此弗朗哥决定将重点放在北方被隔绝的共和军上。于是，3月31日，他开始了西班牙内战中的北方-比斯开湾战役。

Italy and Yugoslavia signed a five-year non-aggression and neutrality pact. Yugoslavia recognized Ethiopia as Italian territory while Italy made trade concessions and granted language and school rights for its Yugoslav minority.

意大利与南斯拉夫签署了一项为期五年的互不侵犯与中立条约。南斯拉夫承认埃塞俄比亚为意大利领土，而意大利则做出贸易减免、确保境内南斯拉夫少数民族具有语言和教育权等让步。

The Soviet Union announced the completion of all goals of the second five-year plan ahead of schedule. It gave heavy industry top priority, putting the Soviet Union not far behind Germany as one of the major steel-producing countries of the world. Further improvements were made in communications, especially railways, which became faster and more reliable.

苏联宣布，提前完成了二五计划中的所有目标。二五计划中的重中之重是重工业，苏联一跃成为全球钢产量大国，快要追平德国。另外苏联交通方面也实现了进一步的发展，特别是铁路变得更为便捷可靠。

The Nationalists captured Durango and Guernica, in which its citizens suffered heavy casualties due to Nazi Condor Legion’s bombardment.

国民军占领了杜兰戈和格尔尼卡，格尔尼卡民众遭到纳粹秃鹫军团轰炸，损失惨重。

Benito Mussolini hosted Austrian Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg in Venice. Mussolini explained that since the Rome-Berlin Axis had been formed, Schuschnigg could no longer count on Italian military support if Hitler made a move against Austria.

墨索里尼在威尼斯接待了奥地利总理 Kurt Schuschnigg. 墨索里尼说，由于罗马-柏林轴心已经形成，如果希特勒对奥地利动手，Kurt Schuschnigg就不要再指望意大利的支持了。

Britain and France allowed Belgium to withdraw from the security obligations of the Locarno Treaties.

英法允许比利时不再承担洛伽诺条约的安保责任。

Republican planes bombed the German cruiser Deutschland. German warships bombarded the city of Almería in retaliation.

共和军飞机轰炸了德国巡洋舰德意志号。德国军舰炮击了阿尔梅利亚，以示报复。

Italy and Germany decided to withdraw from the non-intervention cordon around Spain.

德意决定撤出针对西班牙的不干涉封锁。

Soviet military leader Mikhail Tukhachevsky was arrested and charged with conspiring against the government and spying for Nazi Germany.

苏联军事领导人米哈伊尔·图哈切夫斯基被捕，罪名是图谋反政府和德国间谍罪。

Nationalists came within seven miles of the Basque capital of Bilbao, pushing the Republicans out of the village of Gorocica.

国民军进抵巴斯克首府毕尔巴鄂七英里之内，将共和军赶出Gorocica村。

Rioting broke out around İskenderun and Antioch after the Syrian parliament refused to ratify the League of Nations' decision to make the İskenderun district autonomous. French troops were rushed to the İskenderun region to control the rioting between Arabs and Turks.

叙利亚议会拒绝批准国联有关实现伊斯坎德伦地区独立的决定后，伊斯坎德伦和安条克爆发了骚乱。法国军队迅速抵达当地控制阿拉伯人和土耳其人之间的骚乱。

The Segovia Offensive ended in Republican failure. Several days later, the ill-fated Republican Huesca Offensive was crushed with heavy casualties, increasing the defeatism and the suspicions among the Republican troops in Aragon. To make it even worse, Bilbao and Balmaseda were captured by nationalists.

共和军输掉了塞哥维亚攻势。数日之后，共和军的韦斯卡攻势也被粉碎，伤亡惨重。驻阿拉贡地区的共和军中，因而失败主义和怀疑情绪与日俱增。雪上加霜的是，国民军还占领了毕尔巴鄂和巴尔马塞达。

The secret Moscow trial known as the Case of Trotskyist Anti-Soviet Military Organization began and ended swiftly with eight Soviet generals sentenced to be shot for treason.

莫斯科秘密审判，即托洛茨基反苏军事组织案开庭审判，并迅速了结，八名苏联将领被宣布叛国，枪决处死。

The Battle of Brunete (6–25 July 1937), fought 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of Madrid, was a Republican attempt to alleviate the pressure exerted by the Nationalists on the capital and on the north during the Spanish Civil War. Although initially successful, the Republicans were forced to retreat from Brunete and suffered devastating casualties from the battle.

布鲁内特战役（1937年7月6日-25日）于马德里东24千米处爆发，共和军试图缓和国民军对首都和北方的压力。虽然最初有所进展，但共和军最后仍不得不从布鲁内特撤出，人员损失惨重。

The Marco Polo Bridge Incident occurred in China, marking a new phase of the war of resistance against Japanese.

卢沟桥事变爆发，标志着抗日战争的新阶段。

The Zaragoza Offensive was a tactical victory but a strategic failure to the Republicans. Despite of their occupation of some points around Zaragoza, Republicans failed to stop Nationalists from their offensive against the Northern Republican held zone.

萨拉戈萨战役是共和军的战术胜利，但却是共和军的战略失败。虽然他们占领了萨拉戈萨周边的数个点，但还是没有迫使国民军停止针对北方共和军占领区的攻势。

The Battle of Shanghai began.

淞沪会战爆发。

The Battle of Santander was fought over the summer of 1937 in the War in the North campaign in the Spanish Civil War. Santander's fall on August 26 assured the Nationalist conquest of the province of Santander.

桑坦德战役爆发于1937年夏季，属于西班牙内战中北方战役的一环。桑坦德于8月26日陷落，确保了国民军对桑坦德省的征服。

Llanes fell to the Nationalists.

利亚内斯陷于国民军之手。

Italy announced it would not be attending the upcoming Nyon Conference on Mediterranean piracy due to the Soviet Union's demands on Italy for satisfaction of Soviet merchant ship’s sinking in August. Germany would not be participating either.

由于苏联要求意大利赔偿8月份苏联商船被击沉的损失，意大利宣布不参加即将举行的、关于地中海海盗问题的尼翁会议。德国也不参加。

With the failure of the Peel Commission's proposals the Arab revolt resumed during the autumn of 1937 marked by the assassination on 26 September of Acting District Commissioner of the Galilee Lewis Andrews by Arab gunmen in Nazareth.

皮尔委员会建议失败后，1937年9月26日，阿拉伯枪手在拿勒萨刺杀了加利利区代理长官刘易斯·安德鲁斯。阿拉伯人起义自此再度爆发。

The Asturias Offensive and the War in the North ended in Nationalist victory with the capture of Gijón.

国民军占领希洪，阿斯图里亚斯攻势和北方战争以国民军胜利告终。

Italy joined Germany and Japan in the Anti-Comintern Pact and formally recognized the so-called puppet state of Manchukuo.

意大利加入德日反共产国际协定，并且正式承认伪满洲国傀儡政权。

Shanghai was lost to Japanese aggressors.

上海沦陷。

Nanking fell. Over the course of six weeks afterwards, Japanese troops committed mass rape, murder, theft, looting, arson, and other war crimes. During this period, those aggressors slaughtered and destoryed Chinese civilians and disarmed combatants who numbered an estimated 300,000.

南京沦陷。在此之后的六个多周中，日军犯下了大规模强奸、残杀、盗窃、抢劫、纵火以及其它战争罪行。在此期间，日本侵略者残害的中国平民和卸下武装的军人数目，约为300,000余人。

The Battle of Teruel was fought in and around the city of Teruel during the Spanish Civil War. The combatants fought the battle between December 1937 and February 1938, during the worst Spanish winter in twenty years. The battle was one of the bloodier actions of the war with the city changing hands several times, first falling to the Republicans and eventually being re-taken by the Nationalists.

西班牙内战期间，国民军和共和军在特鲁埃尔市中与周边展开了特鲁埃尔战役。战役时间为1937年12月~1938年2月，这是西班牙二十年来最冷的冬天。在这场血腥的战役中，城市几度易手，先是被共和军拿下，最终又被国民军收回。

二战欧陆雄心系列之三——1937年完结