This Is Why You Have An Apple-Shaped (Or Pear-Shaped) Body龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
为什么会拥有苹果型（或梨型）身材
龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.com
评论翻译：https://www.yahoo.com/health/this-is-why-you-have-an-apple-or-a-pear-shaped-114502847852.html

Where you gain weight isn’t a game of chance. Turns out it’s all in your genes. (Photo: iStock)
你容易肥胖并不是偶然，而是基因造成的。（图片：图片库）

If you’ve ever read a women’s magazine, you’re familiar with the concept of “apple” versus “pear” body shapes. They’re the two most common presentations of the human body — in the first case, fat gathers around the midsection, in the latter, fat accumulates around the hips, thighs, and rear.
如果你曾经读过一本女性杂志，你就会非常熟悉苹果型或梨型身材的概念。它们是有关身材的两种最常见描述——前者，脂肪集中在上腹部，后者，脂肪集中在臀部，大腿部和屁股上。

Now, researchers from Duke University have pinpointed a gene, called Plexin D1, which determines the body type you’ll have with a great deal more certainty than any magazine quiz ever could.
现在，杜克大学的研究人员们发现了一种基因，称为丛状蛋白D1，它能决定体型，这比杂志的证据更可靠。

Now, for those who think that your body shape is only a barometer of the style of jeans you choose, or if you should opt for the A-line vs. the empire waist wedding dress, take heed: Your body shape has everything to do with your health.
那么，你以为你的身材只是在挑选牛仔裤时用来比对号码的吗？还是用来选择vs裙或高腰婚纱的呢？请注意：你的身材代表了你的健康程度。

An apple shaped body, which has greater fat accumulation in the belly, carries with it the risk of heart disease. Fat concentration in the midsection is also thought to induce inflammation and trigger metabolic diseases including high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes.
苹果型身材，腹部聚集了大量脂肪，会增加心脏病的风险。上腹部脂肪过多也容易诱发炎症并导致代谢病，比如高血压，中风和糖尿病。

A pear body shape, on the other hand, is considered to be pretty healthy. This shape accumulates fat in the hips and thighs, which is associated with increased fertility and a decreased risk of metabolic diseases like diabetes.
相反，梨型身材意味着身体健康。这种身材的脂肪集中在大腿和臀部，有助于生育，也减少代谢病——比如糖尿病的几率

Now let’s get back to that study.
现在，让我们重新回到主题。

All humans have the Plexin D1 gene. But to simplify their research, the Duke researchers chose to study the gene’s effects in zebrafish. Since the fish are transparent, you can actually see where the fat cells are accumulating to easily determine their body shape. John F. Rawls, PhD, and an associate professor of molecular genetics and microbiology at Duke, and James E. Minchin, PhD, a post-doctoral fellow in Rawls’ lab, engineered zebrafish without the Plexin D1 gene, and compared them with normal zebrafish who carried the gene.
所有人都拥有丛状蛋白D1基因。但为了简化他们的研究，杜克大学研究人员研究这种基因在斑马鱼身上的影响。因为这种鱼是透明的，他们能清晰的看到脂肪细胞的聚集地，以更容易的确定体型。杜克大学的分子遗传学和微生物学副教授约翰·F·罗尔斯博士，和罗尔斯实验室的博士后伙伴詹姆斯·E·明钦，把斑马鱼的丛状蛋白D1基因剥离，并把它与正常的斑马鱼进行比较。

The fish without the Plexin D1 gene had less visceral fat tissue than their “apple-shaped” counterparts with the gene. Visceral fat is the type of fat that causes an apple-shaped body. It lies deep within the midsection, wedged between organs including the heart, liver, intestine, and lungs. From there, the tissue emits hormones and other chemicals that cause inflammation, triggering high blood pressure, heart attack, stroke, and diabetes.
没有丛状蛋白D1基因的斑马鱼比他们“苹果型身材”的同类拥有更少的内脏脂肪。内脏脂肪是造成苹果型身材的一种脂肪。它存在与上腹部，充斥在脏器们，包括心脏，肝脏，小肠和肺部之间。这些脂肪组织释放出荷尔蒙和其他化学物质，导致炎症，诱发高血压，心肌梗塞，中风，和糖尿病。

Instead, these “pear shaped” fish displayed more subcutaneous fat, which is the type of fat that sits beneath the skin of the hips, thighs, and rear of pear-shaped individuals. This type of fat tissue decreases insulin resistance in humans — which protects us from getting diabetes.
相反，那些“梨型身材”的斑马鱼拥有更多的皮下脂肪，它们存在于臀部和大腿的皮下组织，与梨型身材个体的后身。这种脂肪组织能降低机体的胰岛素耐受性——从而避免我们患上糖尿病。

So should we all try to get rid of our Plexin D1 gene? Not so fast. Michin tells Yahoo Health, that while “to have such an extreme effect is surprising,” it’s important to remember that their research also involved an extreme amount of genetic manipulation, wholly eliminating the Plexin D1 gene in the mutant zebrafish in a way that is unlikely to ever occur in real life.
那么，我们都应该抛弃我们的丛状蛋白D1基因吗？不用这么急。Michin告诉雅虎健康板块，当我们知道“极端影响是这么可怕时”，我们也一定要想起，他们的研究也进行了极端的基因操作，完全丧失丛状蛋白D1基因的变种斑马鱼在现实中是不可能出现的。

All humans carry the Plexin D1 gene, but we express the gene in different ways. “Body fat distribution is a complex trait that is governed by interactions between multiple genes, says Michin. “We expect that more subtle regulation of Plexin D1 in human populations is likely to occur.”
所有人都携带着丛状蛋白D1基因，但是，让我们以另一种方式描述这种基因，“身体脂肪的分配是十分复杂的，是多种基因互相影响的结果，”Michin说，“我们猜想，丛状蛋白D1基因在人体内可能存在其他效应。”

Despite the clear health implications of body fat distribution, little is known about the genetics of body shape. A large international study that appeared in Nature in February began to fill in this gap by looking for genes associated with waist-to-hip ratio. The researchers found some association with Plexin D1 in their study.
即使清晰知晓了身体脂肪分配对健康的意义，我们仍然对体型遗传知之甚少。一个主要研究基因与腰臀比关系的大型国际研究已经在二月份在法蒂尔开始。研究者们已经发现了一些与丛状蛋白D1基因有关的信息。

In the future, this information could lead to understanding how to genetically manipulate our body types — and, more importantly, improve our health in the process.

在未来，这些信息可能会让我们理解基因如何控制我们的体型——同时，更重要的是，改善我们的健康。

评论翻译：

Karen  ?  5 hours ago

Well this doesn't make much sense as far as I'm concerned. I'm pear-shaped and have type 1 diabetes (I know they're talking about type 2, but still I'm in poor health), asthma, thyroid disease, fibromyalgia, connective tissue disease, high blood pressure, kidney disease, and more. Point is that I'm not healthy and I'm definately pear-shaped. So you can't take science completely at their word. I am the way God made me, so I live my life to try and glorify Him!
好吧，这对我担心的东西没有什么意义。我就是梨型身材，也有1类糖尿病（我知道他们说的糖尿病是2类，但我还是不健康），哮喘，甲状腺病，纤维肌肉痛，结缔组织病，高血压，肾病，等等。关键点是，我不健康，我还确实是梨型身材。所以，他们的话也并不完全科学。上帝创造了我的生活，所以，我要尝试着活着，并赞美他！

tony the grouch  ?  5 hours ago

Remember, there is the original report, then there are the reporters' (mis)interpretations of the report.
记着，这只是最初的报告，然后，他们还有对这个报告的（误）解释。

A  ?  3 hours ago

My father was a pencil. He was thin all his life - never overweight. He had heart problems, lung problems, kidney problems, ulcers, etc. As they said, there's probably more to it than just that gene, but how that gene reacts with your other genes.
我老爸是个铅笔型身材。他一生都非常瘦——从不超重。可他患了心脏病，肺病，肾病，溃疡，等等。就像他们说的，可能还有其他基因影响这些，但是，到底这种基因与其他基因是怎么相互作用的？

Kory  ?  8 hours ago

What about hourglass shapes, rectangular shapes or upside down triangle shapes?
如果是沙漏型身材呢？矩形呢？倒三角形呢？

Leo  ?  8 hours ago

Who was your daddy ? Picasso ?
你老爸是谁？毕加索吗？

Mr. E  ?  7 hours ago

what about rhomboid?
如果是菱形呢？

tony the grouch  ?  6 hours ago

What if your body shape contains extra dimensional components?
要是你的身材是极端的三维形状呢？

Schmahoo  ?  10 hours ago

What about Mr. Potato Head?
如果是蛋头先生呢？

Uma Guma  ?  10 hours ago

What about a banana shape?
要是香蕉型身材呢？

beast  ?  12 seconds ago

Wow what's up with Yahoo talking about these weight problems and such did they offend someone with a weight problem or lack thereof and trying to reach out to readers? Geez, give it a rest already you vain bunch of writers.
喔，在雅虎上讨论体重问题真的没事吗？这难道不会冒犯那些有体重问题的人或者那些虽然没有但却尝试着与读者交流的人？噢，别胡说八道了，你们这些无聊的写手。

2Whomitconcerns  ?  35 minutes ago

Hmmmm, mom was pear shaped. Dad was NEVER overweight, I'm not adopted so where the heck did my darn apple shape come from?
嗯，老妈就是梨型身材，老爸也绝不超重，我也不是领养的，那么，我该死的苹果型身材是从哪里来的？

HeartforHumanity  ?  10 hours ago

Its possible that a healthy diet and exercise can down-regulate the transcription of Plexin D1, or what ever the human version of the gene is. From personal experience, as an adolescent, I noticed a predisposition to gaining visceral fat. In high school, I made a conscious decision to take charge of my body/health and became a long-distance runner. Now at 22, I have almost no visceral fat, and my thighs are muscular-runner thighs. When I do gain weight, it goes to the buttocks regions, which in this day and age, I'm pretty happy about lol
可能健康的饮食和运动能够降低丛状蛋白D1基因的复制，或者，任何这种基因的人类版的作用。个人经验，作为一名年轻人，我注意到了脂肪增加的倾向。在高中，我决定自己掌控健康，成为了一名长跑运动员。现在，我22岁了，我几乎没有任何内脏脂肪，而且我的大腿也是肌肉发达的运动大腿。当我的体重增加时，脂肪都到了臀部，在这个年龄段，我真是太开心了。

Emily D  ?  9 hours ago

wait til you're 30.
等你30岁你就知道了。

Terry  ?  9 hours ago

Wait until you're 62...
等到你62岁。。。

Bryant  ?  7 hours ago

At 22, your experience doesn't matter; I agree with Emily & Terry...wait until your older. I could eat whatever I wanted and never exercise at 22 and look great
22岁的年龄，你的经验是对的；我赞同Emily和Terry的观点。。。等你老了的话。我22岁时什么都能吃，我还不运动，而且感觉也很好。

tony the grouch  ?  6 hours ago

When I was 22, the USAF calculated our dietary requirements at between 5500 to 6500 calories a day. With working on a flightline in North Africa, I was a rather healthy 145 pounds, 5' 6". Today, at 71, and maybe 2200-2500 calories a day, I need to spend 4 or 5 hours a day at the gym and various yard and housework projects, plus about 1 1/2 hours a day with what we used to call calisthenics, or workout with 15 pound dumbbells, (alternate days) to stay under 200. And if I go too much lower on the food, I start having problems with hypoglycemia (type 2).
But, a couple of times, I've beaten my doctor from the first floor to his second floor office, I take the stairs, he takes his elevator. He doesn't push me about my weight, especially with only a 24 BFI.
当我22岁时，美国空军认为我的每日饮食能量摄入应该在5500到6500卡路里之间。当时我在北非开侦查机，我的体重145磅56，非常健康。现在，我71岁了，每天可能只摄入2200-2500卡路里，我每天需要在健身房，院子和家务活里度过4到5小时，加上大约1个半小时的健身操，或者举15磅的哑铃，（隔天轮换），才能让我的体重保持在200磅以下。同时，如果我吃的太少，我就会患低血糖症（2类）。

译者：载入中。。。