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原创翻译：龙腾网翻译：Aquazc 转载请注明出处

China Just Launched Its Huge And Incredibly Quickly Built Amphibious Assault Ship

体型巨大，进度惊人：中国首艘075两栖攻击舰顺利下水

Some five months after the first pictures emerged of its keel under construction, China has launched its first Type 075 landing helicopter dock amphibious assault ship, or LHD, at the Hudong-Zhonghua Shipyard in Shanghai. This achievement comes just days before the country marks the 70th anniversary of Communist state's founding. The speed with which the Chinese have been able to execute its construction is as impressive as the ship's size. The vessel will significantly increase the People's Liberation Army Navy's amphibious warfare capabilities, and the China State Shipbuilding Corporation is already building a second example.

在70周年国庆前夕，中国的第一艘075型两栖登陆舰于上海的沪东造船厂成功下水。该舰从龙骨建造照片的首次披露，到完成下水，只花了短短的五个月时间。它的建造速度，正如其庞大的体型一样，令人印象深刻。该舰的加入将大幅提升中国海军的两栖作战能力。与此同时，075二号舰的建造也在如火如荼地进行着。

Dockworkers at Hudong-Zhonghua launched the still-unnamed Type 075 LHD after a ceremony on Sept. 25, 2019. Images began to emerge online of the ship's keel under construction between April and May 2019, though it is unclear when the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) formally began work on the ship. Workers will now complete the final phases of construction with the vessel in the water. There is no word yet on when the Chinese expect it to head out for its first sea trials or actually enter service with the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).

我们尚不清楚它开工的具体日期。直到在今年的4-5月，一些照片才陆续在网络上出现。9月25日，在隆重的仪式过后，这艘尚未命名的战舰在船厂工人的帮助下顺利入水，剩余的晒装工作将在水面中完成。截至目前，尚未有任何消息透露它将于何时海试，或者何时服役。

The Type 075 is also bigger and more capable than the Type 071 amphibious transport docks, or LPDs, which are presently the PLAN's largest operational amphibious warfare ships. The Type 071, which displaces around 25,000 tons, has a smaller flight deck at the stern and hangar space for up to four Z-8 heavy transport helicopters.

和中国海军现役最大的两栖作战舰艇071型船坞登陆舰相比，075在尺寸以及性能上都有较大幅度的提升。与其相比，071的排水量只有约25000吨，船尾的飞行甲板更小，其机库最多只能容纳4架直-8重型运输直升机。

By comparison, the new LHD will have a dedicated hangar deck below its flight deck and will reportedly be able to carry between 28 and 30 helicopters of various types, including the Z-8 and the smaller Z-9 utility and light attack helicopters. China does not have any short takeoff and vertical landing capable combat jets at present, but it is at least exploring this possibility and the Type 075 could already have design features to support fixed-wing operations in the future.

075在甲板下方拥有专用的机库。根据报道，它可以容纳28-30架各型直升机，包括直-8和更小的直-9轻型攻击直升机。虽然中国还没有短距起飞或垂直起降的喷气式战机，但是它正在尝试这种可能性，075也很有可能为固定翼战机的使用预留了空间。

It is not clear how many Marines the Type 075 will be able to accommodate, but its full complement will likely be much larger than that of the Type 071, which can carry between 600 and 800 troops, as well as their ground vehicles and other equipment. The U.S. Navy's Wasp class, for example, can carry 1,650 Marines, along with their light armored and unarmored vehicles and other equipment. Similar to the American ships, China's new LHD also has a well deck that can hold multiple Type 726 air cushion landing craft – roughly analogous to the U.S. Navy's LCAC – in order to move personnel, vehicles, and other cargo ashore.

071型船坞登陆舰可以搭载600-800名士兵，包括他们的车辆和装备。我们还不清楚075能够搭载的士兵数量，但可以肯定的是，它会比071多得多。以排水量相仿的美国黄蜂级为例，它可以搭载1650名陆战队员，包括其车辆和装备。此外，和美国的舰艇相似，075载有多艘726型气垫登陆艇，用以运送人员、车辆和其它货物上岸。

The exact armament fit on the Type 075, including systems for self-defense, is also unknown. Reports say that it will include at least two H/PJ-11 30mm close-in weapon systems (CIWS), also known as the Type 730, and a pair of FL-3000N point defense surface-to-air missile systems. Pictures of the ship at its launch ceremony, and in the days and weeks before, show what appears to be at least one FL-3000N in place at the stern and one forward of the ship's island superstructure. A Type 1130 CIWS is also seen amidships on its port side.

对于075的具体设备，包括防卫系统，我们同样一无所知。根据以往的报道，它至少装有两套H/PJ-11型30毫米近防武器系统（也称1130近防炮），以及两套FL-3000N点防御舰空导弹系统（也称海红旗10）。跟据下水时、以及数周前的照片显示，在船尾部分，至少有一座疑似FL-3000N的防空导弹系统已经安装到位，另一座导弹系统位于舰岛的前方，一门1130近防炮则装在了左舷的中部。

Regardless of how much the ship actually displaces and what its exact capabilities are, what may be most impressive about it is China's ability to proceed so fast with its construction. Chinese shipyards have already demonstrated their ability to produce large surface warships with relative rapidity, but work on the Type 075 has progressed at a particularly fast pace. For comparison, it took three years between keel-laying and launch to build the U.S. Navy's second in class USS Tripoli (LHA-7). Also, keep in mind that the U.S. has been building flattop amphibious assault ships for the better part of a century. This is China's first.

不管075确切的排水量和性能如何，最令人印象深刻的是中国的造船速度。事实已经证明，中国的造船厂能以较快的速度建造大型水面战舰。尽管如此，075的进度仍然显得非比寻常。与之相比，为了建造“美国”级两栖攻击舰“的黎波里”号，从铺设龙骨到下水，美国花了三年的时间。更何况美国拥有长达一个世纪的建造两栖攻击舰的经验，而中国则是首次。

This could extend beyond traditional military operations. American amphibious warfare ships have historically been a go-to option for extracting U.S. citizens from countries experiencing sudden and violent upheaval and a vital tool for responding to natural disasters. PLAN amphibious warfare groups built around Type 075s could similarly help rescue Chinese nationals, who are working in ever-increasing numbers in potential hotspots around the world, or respond to humanitarian crisis at home and overseas. China already employs its Type 920 hospital ship as a valuable soft-power tool.

两栖攻击舰的作用不仅仅局限于传统军事层面。在历史上，美国的两栖攻击舰曾经是从动乱国家撤侨的首选，也是应对自然灾害的重要工具。中国海军以075为核心的两栖编队也可以执行类似的任务，帮助全球各地越来越多的中国公民撤离可能的热点地区，或者对国内外的人道主义危机做出响应。中国已经将920型医疗船作为体现自身软实力的有利工具。

With the Type 075's construction proceeding so quickly, it is very possible that the ship will be ready for sea trials relatively soon. At the same time, we may begin to learn more about its exact features in the coming months now that the lead example of the class is in the water and will be getting fitted out.

由于建造工作进展迅速，075进行海试的日期并不遥远。同时，在接下来的数月里，随着晒装工作的进行，我们对它的了解也将更进一步。

No matter what, the Type 075's launch is simply another clear demonstration of China's desire and ability to increase the size and scope of its naval capabilities, with a clear eye toward operations further and further from Chinese shores.

无论如何，中国一直致力于加强海军的规模与实力，075的下水仅仅是这种渴望与能力的又一个缩影。他们的目光早已远离了中国的海岸，并且越来越远。

评论翻译
原创翻译：龙腾网翻译：Aquazc 转载请注明出处

Dani kris
if China can sustain this pace of construction and with quality expected of a warship, it'll be pretty scary.

如果中国能在保证战舰质量合格的同时，保持这种建造速度，那真是太可怕了。

Porkins
This is bad news for their neighbors (Taiwan, Vietnam, Singapore, the Philippines, etc...), because they are practically a trump card for amphibious landings in the South China Sea.
But for an American worried more about battling China for sea control in the Western Pacific, I'm glad to see them sinking considerable resources into these large ships that are expensive to operate that play almost no role in sea power control. I'd much rather see China build helicopter carriers instead of putting those resources to aircraft carriers and destroyers that can sink our own ships. These things are only useful in uncontested environments.

对中国的邻居们(TW，越南，新加坡，菲律宾等等...)而言，这可不是好消息，因为两栖攻击舰是在南海地区进行登陆作战的王牌。
但是，作为一位美国人，我更加关心的是，中美对于西太平洋制海权的争夺。我很乐意看到中国花费大量的资源，去建造这些对于海权争夺毫无用处、且使用成本极高的大型舰船。它们只能在对手无法反击的环境下使用。与此相比，我更不愿意看到中国建造航空母舰和驱逐舰，因为它们才有能力击沉我们的军舰。

Machiavelli
Well, if they were inflatable ships, like the tanks and trucks they used to fool the Germans prior to D-day, that would be a bluff. A floating example that you can see, feel touch and taste, that is real.
There is a sign at the PLA Academy that displays another of Sun Tsu's teachings, "Use the normal force to engage, use the extraordinary force to win. Extraordinary force requires prep, stay tuned....

好吧，如果它是充气玩具，就像诺曼底登陆前用来欺骗德国人的坦克和卡车一样，那确实是吓唬人用的。但是，一艘漂浮在水面上的、可以近距离观察、触碰的战舰，怎么会是假的呢？
说到孙子，在解放军学院里的一块牌子上，写着他的另一句名言“以正合，以奇胜”。出奇制胜固然重要，可是过硬的正面实力才是获胜的根本。

1127fctwosw
oh yeah...
we are still gonna be here discussing the whole "are they for real or not?"
and one day...
we will look up and they will have half a dozen CVs (probably CVNs)...a pack of these amphib carriers...and a whole host of other combat (and logistics) platforms...and we will go "hey...what happened...where did all those ships come from?"

又是这种关于真假的讨论。
如果我们还在继续这种无意义讨论，那么会有一天，当我们睁开眼睛时，他们已经有了半打航母（很可能是核动力航母）、一群这样的两栖攻击舰，还有大量的作战（和后勤）舰船。然后我们会问：“这些东西都是从哪儿冒出来的？”

1127fctwosw
another think i keep seeing in here...is maybe they used espionage and stole a bunch of plans...(granted...they are very guilty of doing that)
just keep in mind...the Australians sold the HMAS Melbourne to the Chinese for "scrapping"...yeah...that took 17 years after it arrived in China. (and with giant 'nads...the Chinese even asked if they could buy the prints for the steam catapults...which were not removed...neither was the mirror landing system.)
i also keep seeing stuff about corruption and substandard materials...well they cracked down very harshly on the corruption...did that end it? probably not...but...hey...there is corruption everywhere
and we are talking about a military vessel here...i wouldn't want to be the supplier that sent substandard materials...even with a payoff...
we ain't talking about russia here...these cats are playing for keeps.

另一种我听得耳朵生茧的论调是“间谍行为”和“技术偷窃”。（虽然中国确实偷取过技术）
比如，澳大利亚曾经将“墨尔本号”航空母舰作为废铜烂铁卖给了中国的金属废品商。17年后，它终于抵达了中国。船上的蒸汽弹射器和镜面光学助降系统都未被拆除，中国人甚至询问是否可以购买蒸汽弹射的图纸...
另外，还有人重复抓着“腐败”和“材料质量”问题不放...他们对腐败的打击力度相当之大...那么腐败消失了吗？也许没有...但是世界上哪里没有腐败？至于质量问题，我们讨论的可是一艘军舰...如果我是材料的供应商，即使有利可图，我也不敢以次充好。我们讨论的可不是俄罗斯，而是中国。

John B
Very, very long....in fact the opioid epidemic in America based on Chinese manufacturing and shipping of Fentanyl is “Retribution” for the Opium wars, which China sees as it’s century of humiliation. If they already haven’t started targeting the other “5 eyes countries” they will soon. They have long memories and vengeance in their hearts.

他们的计划非常、非常远。

事实上，阿片类药物在美国泛滥的源头，正是由中国制造并运输的芬太尼。这是对鸦片战争——这场百年耻辱的报复。他们迟早会对其余的“五眼国家”故技重施的。他们不会忘记历史，也不会忘记仇恨。

andisoss
As an naval officer, I always felt like building ships is the easy part. It is the logistics that follow to maintain and sail them that become a nightmare.

身为一名海军军官，我一直认为建造舰艇要相对简单，后勤保障和航行使用才是最麻烦的部分。

Starlionblue
This is indeed the core of the poodle.
The PRC has comparatively little blue water experience, let alone carrier experience. Such complex operations with high-tech kit require a high degree of autonomy, flexibility and competence down to the lowest ranks, a concept that goes somewhat counter to the relatively autocratic, rigid, and top-down authority model typical of Chinese culture.

你说到点子上了。中国缺乏蓝水经验，更别提使用航母的经验了。这种高科技的、复杂的军事行动需要最基层人员高度的自觉性、灵活性、以及专业能力，这在一定程度上与中国文化中典型的专制、死板、以及自上而下的威权模式相互矛盾。

RainToh
The same sort of Oriental lens were used to view WW2 Japanese carrier aviation. "They cannot do X or Y because of Japanese culture yada yada"...

二战时，我们也是用这种有色眼镜来看待日本航母飞行员的。我们鄙视他们的文化，认为他们这也不行，那也不行，可是结果呢？

Cocidius
As mentioned number two type 075 is being built right along side this first one. Meanwhile in multiple shipyards across China large numbers of destroyers and frigates are being built at the same pace including the new type 055 destroyer/cruiser.
Also as I've mentioned number 3 carrier is also under construction and supposedly this will be a CATOBAR carrier in the 80,000 ton range.

文中已经提及，在第一艘075旁边，第二艘的建造也在如火如荼地进行。
与此同时，在中国各地的多个造船厂，大量的驱逐舰和护卫舰正在以同样的速度建造着，包括055型驱逐舰。
此外，我之前说过，他们在建造自己的第三艘航母。它采用弹射起飞和拦阻降落，排水量约为80000吨。

Mudbone
IMO, China is on a war footing, just like WW2 Germany. The Allies had an opportunity to stop Germany’s build up early but instead chose to put off the insanity of another World Wide conflict. But as it turned out, the worst choice was to stick our head in the sand and hope it wouldn’t turn to that.
The saying that goes “hope for the best and plan for the worst”, sounds rational enough except there was no plan for the worst.
Hence we got WW2, and we had to build ships fast, like the Liberty Ships of which we built 2700 in about 4 years. As we were on a wartime schedule of productivity.
Anyone who thinks that China IS NOT on a wartime productivity schedule are lying to themselves just like Mr. Chamberlain.

在我看来，他们在准备打仗，就像二战前的德国一样。盟军本来有机会阻止德国，在它建立起强大的军事力量前进行干预。然而，对于世界战争的恐惧，使得他们一再退让。但是事后证明，最愚蠢的决定莫过于将头埋进沙子里，然后祈祷一切不会发生。
俗话说：“抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算”。听起来不错，但是最坏的打算在哪里呢？然后我们就尝到了二战的苦果，不得不启动战时生产，在4年的时间里建造了2700艘舰船。
任何认为中国没有启动战时生产的人，都和张伯伦一样自欺欺人。

LostEngineer
My big question is why? China has done amazingly well under the current world order. Why prepare for a war and risk that, what do they gain?

我实在想不明白，在现有的世界秩序下，中国表现地相当出色。为什么要冒险打断发展的势头而准备战争呢？他们能获得什么？

Mudbone
Control over the Indo -Asian theatre, and the ability to shape the world post war as the U.S. did post WW2.
“Money to acquire power, Power to protect money”, either DeMedici or Rothschild can’t remember.

为了获得印度洋和亚洲的控制权，以及在战后制定世界秩序的能力，就像美国在二战后所作的那样。
正应了那句名言：“用财富获取力量，用力量保护财富”，虽然我记不清说这句话的人是德·美第奇，还是罗斯柴尔德了。

Dumpster4
Another step in China's military buildup:
"The legendary former Navy SEAL Adm. William McRaven said at an event on Wednesday
that China's technical and defense capabilities were quickly approaching — and sometimes surpassing — those of the US, representing what he called a "holy s---" moment for the US."

这是中国军队建设的又一步。
具有传奇色彩的前美军海豹成员威廉·麦克雷文在周三的某个场合中说到，“中国的科技和国防力量正在迅速接近——甚至在某些领域超越美国”。在他看来，这对美国而言，是一个“活见鬼”的时刻。

JMH074
..........and, regardless of ship quality, they still have to man their new fleet with tens of thousands of skilled sailors and competent officers. Not having much in the way of recent naval tradition and experience will make effective employment problematic for a long time. There's more to being a naval power than building pretty ships.

不仅仅是船的质量问题，他们还得配备成千上万的人员，包括熟练的水兵和有能力的军官。现代海军传统和经验的缺失，将会长期困扰他们对于合格人员的培养。想成为海上强国，光会建造漂亮的战舰是不够的。

No1SomeGuy
Clearly the US Navy has been a shining example of that as of late...

鉴于最近的（撞船）事件，美国海军无疑是杰出的榜样。

GasDude
Still pretty sure that old engineering axiom of "You can only get at most 2 of 3: Cheap, Fast, or Good" still applies here. To be fair, USN maybe is choosing zero of these three qualities with the CVN-78.

我非常地确信那句古老的工程界格言“廉价，速度和质量，三者只能得其二”仍然适用于这艘船。
但是说句公道话，在福特号上，美国海军把这三者都丢了。

Akd122
That means the one they dropped is 'cheap.'
They've got money to burn though

即然如此，他们丢掉的应该是“廉价”，可是他们不差钱。

Sir Incognito
Meanwhile six years after Vikrant was launched, trials only expected to start next year.

与此同时，维克兰特号（印度的国产航母）在六年前就已经下水了，而海试永远是“在明年”。

【龙腾网】体型巨大，进度惊人：中国首艘075两栖攻击舰顺利下水